Consider each of the following scenarios and state whether the variable in question is a confounder or effect modifier, according to what is being asked. Briefly justify your response in one sentence. For each scenario, assume no bias or other confounding.

Investigators conducted a study on the association between aspirin use and breast cancer survival among post-menopausal women. Aspirin use was associated with an 11% reduction in mortality. Is menopausal status (pre- menopausal or post-menopausal) a confounder in this study?