Consider each of the transactions below. All of the expenditures were made in cash.

1. The Edison Company spent $30,000 during the year for experimental purposes in connection with the development of a new product.
2. In April, the Marshall Company lost a patent infringement suit and paid the plaintiff $11,000.
3. In March, the Cleanway Laundromat bought equipment. Cleanway paid $24,000 down and signed a noninterest-bearing note requiring the payment of $27,000 in nine months. The cash price for this equipment was $43,000.
4. On June 1, the Jamsen Corporation installed a sprinkler system throughout the building at a cost of $46,000.
5. The Mayer Company, plaintiff, paid $30,000 in legal fees in November, in connection with a successful infringement suit on its patent.
6. The Johnson Company traded its old machine with an original cost of $16,400 and a book value of $8,400 plus cash of $11,600 for a new one that had a fair value of $15,400. The exchange has commercial substance.