Consider the following case: Jennifer Gratz and Patrick Hemacher each applied for admission to the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (LSA). Gratz applied for admission in the fall of 1995; Hemacher applied for admission in the fall of 1997. Both Gratz and Hemacher were residents of the state of Michigan, both were Caucasian, and both were denied admission. Gratz was informed by the Admissions Office that she was "well qualified" but that she was "less competitive than the students who ha[d] been admitted on first review." She subsequently enrolled at the University of Michigan at Dearborn, from which she graduated in 1999.Hemacher was notified that although his "academic credentials [were] in the qualified range, they [were] not at the level needed for first review admission." Hemacher subsequently enrolled at Michigan State University. Gratz and Hemacher filed a class action lawsuit against the university alleging "violations and threatened violations of the rights of the plaintiffs and the class they represent to equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment..., and for racial discrimination in violation of [federal law]." They were seeking compensatory and punitive damages for past violations. They asked for a finding that respondents violated petitioners' "rights to nondiscriminatory treatment." They also requested an injunction prohibiting respondents from "continuing to discriminate on the basis of race in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment" and an order requiring the LSA to offer Hemacher admission as a transfer student. The university denied that it had acted inappropriately. The U.S. District Court upheld the university's admission policies, and the Supreme Court granted certiorari. Answer the following questions: What does the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause prohibit?In this case, did the university's admissions guidelines violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment? Why or why not?Did the university's admissions guidelines violate Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? Why or why not?Would your answer be different if the university in question had been a private college instead of a public college? Why or why not