Consider the following observations.

First, population density and distance to the equator is well known to have been negatively correlated during the pre-industrial era. Second, people from countries far from the equator are taller and have higher metabolic needs for food (more cold temperatures).

Using your knowledge from the basic UGT framework, what would you expect to have been the differences between countries close to the equator and countries far from the equator as far as the timing of their take off to the modern regime? Also, what would you expect to be their differences in income per capita today and why? Can you think an empirical example?