Consider the following scenario. An oil refining company has no capacity to hold additional inventories and must decide how much oil to purchase to refine over the next month. They have hired you as a forecast consultant. If, as a result of your forecast, they purchase too much oil to refine, they will have to sell the oil at a loss. They want to avoid this outcome. If they purchase too little, they can just sell from their inventory. The appropriate loss function is: Asymmetric with higher penalties for forecasting higher purchases Symmetric with equal penalties for forecasting purchases that are too high or too low O Asymmetric with lower penalties for forecasting higher purchases O Symmetric with higher penalties for forecasting lower purchases