Consider the following scenario:

Arcadia is a state made up of two ethnic groups: the Arcadians (80%) and the Utopians (20%).

The Government of Arcadia is comprised entirely of Arcadians. Over the past ten years, the Arcadian Government has systematically discriminated against Utopians in Arcadia.

Five years ago, frustrated with the denial of their rights, a group of Utopians formed the Utopian Liberation Front (ULF). Since that time, ULF has been fighting against the Arcadian Government. The fighting is confined to the north of Arcadia around the city of Oxford which is populated by Utopians.

Last week, the Arcadian military received credible information that ULF fighters have established a strategic base in the city of Oxford. The city of Oxford is under ULF control. The commander of the Arcadian military believes that ULF is storing weapons in a Utopian mosque and has established an important communications centre in a hospital. Both the mosque and the hospital are in the centre of Oxford and both are being used by the civilian population. There are around 400 patients in the hospital and 60 people pray at the mosque every day. The commander of the Arcadian military is planning to deploy fighter jets equipped with the latest precision targeting systems over Oxford to attack the mosque and the hospital from the air.

Discuss the lawfulness of the planned attacks on the mosque and hospital. What specific issues would the Commander of the Arcadian forces need to take into consideration when planning this attack to ensure that it complies with international humanitarian law? What additional information, if any, would the Commander need to know in advance of the attack in order to properly assess its legality?