Consider the scenarios set out, below, and in each case assess the application of European Union law as it pertains to free movement of goods.

1. (a)The Danish customs authorities, acting in accordance with rules recently introduced by the Danish government, charged a German importer of frozen foods 300 Euros on entry of a consignment of goods into Denmark. The importer was told by the customs officers that the charge was to cover the cost of performing checks on frozen food products, and to subject them to scientific analysis to confirm that Danish standards for the freezing of food had been met.
2. (b)Bjorn own a small company in the Netherlands, which manufactures and distributes premium pet foods. A key feature of Bjorn's products is that they are vacuum packed. This means that they remain fresh for longer. Bjorn has explored exporting his products to Belgium but has learned that pet foods may only be sold in metal containers there.
3. (c)Concerned by recent scientific studies which suggest that wood burning stoves pose a risk to human health, the Finnish government has raised the levels of tax imposed on the sale of these items. Ciara, based in Sweden, manufactures and exports wood burning stoves throughout the European Union. Ciara has noticed a significant drop in Finnish sales since the imposition of the new tax. She is angry because she believes that the tax favours manufacturers of electric stoves. She points out that most electric stoves sold in Finland are domestically produced, while wood burning stoves are almost entirely imported.

Consider the scenarios set out, below, and in each case assess the application of European Union law as it pertains to free movement of goods.