Context for questions 20-25: You read a peer-reviewed epidemiologic study examining whether people infected with H. pylori (a bacterial infection that is associated with Stomach cancer) have higher odds of having traveled to a low- or middle-income country for 5 or more consecutive days during the 2 years prior to study recruitment, than people without H. pylori. The study design was a case-control study. Cases have H. pylori conrmed by a simple blood test, and controls do not. Exposure status was collected by asking the study subjects whether or not they had visited a low- or middle-income country for 5 or more consecutive days during the past 2 years (they were provided a list of all low- and middle-income countries organized by continent). If the study reports an Odds Ratio of 2.4 and a 95% condence interval of 1.9-2.8, this would indicate that that the odds of exposure are in cases compared to controls because 0 Lower (statistically signicant); the OR is greater than one and the CI does not include 1 O The same; the OR is greater than one and the CI does not include 1 0 Higher (statistically signicant); the OR is greater than one and the Cl does not include 1 0 Not statistically signicant; the OR is greater than one and the Cl does not include 1 0 None of the above Given the information in Question 22, we can say that the Odds Ratio estimate from this study is _____ , because 0 Precise; it contains 1 O Precise; the CI is narrow O Precise; the CI does not contain 1 O Imprecise; the CI contains 1 O BandC You are explaining what a 95% Cl means in the scenario described in Question 22. Which of the following interpretations is correct? 0 The true value of the OR is between 1.9 and 2.8 O The range of condence intervals that were calculated from the study data is between 1.9 - 2.8 0 You are 95% certain that the true OR describing the relationship between the exposure and outcome is 2.4 0 Because the Cl does not contain 1, you are certain that the results of your study are accurate. 0 If you repeated the same study an innite number of times, the Odds Ratios from all the studies would fall between 1.9 and 2.8 95% of the time. If, instead of the data given in Question 22, the study reports an Odds Ratio of 2.4 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.9-2.8, this would indicate that that the odds of exposure are in cases compared to controls because O Higher (statistically significant); the OR is greater than 1 and the CI contains 1. O Higher (statistically significant); the OR is greater than one and the CI does not include 1 O Lower (statistically significant); the CI contains 1. O Not statistically significantly different; the OR is greater than one but the Cl includes 1 O None of the above