Cooling can be realized based on waste heat using an absorption cooling device ("chiller"). Typically, waste heat in the form of steam or hot air/flue gases acts as the heat source, giving off the heat () in a heat exchanger. The cooling is often realized by circulating water, which gives off its heat () in the cooling device, from where the cold water is pumped to the place(s) where cooling is needed (for space cooling, cooling of machines, computer servers, etc.), raising its temperature before it returns to the cooling device (D) as indicated in Fig. 2. The system works in steady state. a) To realize this, a third heat flow (3) must be taken out from the cooling device. Why? (2 p.) b) Apply energy and entropy balances to derive an expression for the ratio between the heat flows of the heat sink and heat source, Q/, if the cooling device is ideal, i.e., acts without entropy production. Heat from the heat source is transferred at a high temperature, T, heat from the cooling circuit at a low temperature, T, while heat given off by the cooling device is transferred at an intermediate temperature, T3. c) What is the value of the heat ratio Q/0 if the heat source is available at 114 C, the cooling water gives off its heat at 4 C and the heat flow from the device is transferred at 23 C? (3 p.) d) Compare the theroretical value for the ideal device with the practical rule-of-thumb heat flow ratio value Q/Q = 0.70. How much higher should the intermediate temperature T3 be in the ideal device to give rise to this value of the heat flow ratio? (2 p.) Cold water 81 D T Q24 T Hot gas Q3 T3 Fig. 2 Heat-driven cooling device D.