Cooperative Planning works forwards to Customers and backwards to Suppliers. From the inward supply side, effective, cooperative planning may relate to zero defects. Ontime delivery, shared products and information exchanges relating to shared specifications, design support, multiyear commitments and technology exchange. The change from product - to customer - oriented supply chains - creates faster supply resources - can provide customers with alternatives such as make to stock - make to order and finish to order Required: a) Discuss by giving examples why Cooperative Planning may fail to achieve its objectives. (15 Marks) b) Explain how you can implement a Stock-less Procurement System