Core/Periphery/Semi-Periphery: Not only a place but a process

The core and the periphery are not just places but the sites where particular processes take place.

The core is where one is most likely to find higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology- core processes that generate more wealth in the world economy.

The periphery most commonly has lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology, Peripheral processes are associated with more marginal positions in the economy.

Think about places in your area where core and peripheral processes exist. Around a Medical Center? In high rise buildings in downtown? Around rural areas?

Levels of Economic Activity

Mr. Sinn explains the stages in more detail here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=73XPzm-kloU

• Early Industrial Revolution/Evolution: textile (wool cloth)

ex: mills in England in 1730's

• Primary: located near natural resources: agriculture (farming)

ex: gathering, harvesting extracting natural resources

• Secondary: production sector, located near raw materials or close to the market: manufacturing

ex: construction, power production, making products

• Tertiary: services sector, retail or wholesale trade/sales, personal/professional services

ex: bookkeepers, realtors, lawyers, doctors, sales people, etc.

• Quaternary: processing/sharing/distributing information (white collar workers)

ex: finance, insurance, computer services, researchers, teachers, government workers

• Quinary: Decision/rule making sector

ex: CEOs, leadership, Presidents of countries, executive decision makers, etc

Map: Countries That Contribute to a Single Jar of Nutella

Turkish hazelnuts, Malaysian palm oil, Nigerian cocoa,

Brazilian sugar, French vanilla...

ROBERTO A. FERDMAN

Popular hazelnut and cocoa spread Nutella has become such a global product. Some 250,000 tons of Nutella are now sold across 75 countries around the world every year, according to the OECD. But that's not what's amazing about it. Nutella, it turns out, is a perfect example of what globalization has meant for popular foodstuffs: Not only is it sold everywhere, but its ingredients are sourced from all over the place too.

Even though Ferrero International, which makes the stuff, is headquartered in Italy, it has factories in Europe, Russia, North America and South America. And while certain inputs are supplied locallylike, say, the plastic for the bottles or milkmany others are shipped from all over the world. The hazelnuts are from Turkey; the palm oil is from Malaysia; the cocoa is from Nigeria; the sugar is from either Brazil or Europe; and the vanilla flavoring is from France.

Assignment Directions:

1. Read all the information documents above.

You may use your textbook, textbook website, vocabulary list and Schoology/AP Central videos to complete the assignment. You do not need to do research on the internet!

1. Complete the following activities using the information above.

1. Make a list of the jobs you would find at each process of the Nutella commodity chain: Headquarters, Main International suppliers, Factories and Main Sales Offices. You should have a minimum of two jobs per each part of the process (8 total).

Label each of the jobs as primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary/quinary.

1. Using a map of the world, answer the following:

• Identify & explain the overall pattern of the location of Nutella's main sales offices. (what are the common factors of where they located)
• Who do you think decides where Nutella's main sales offices are located?
• What factors went into those decisions?

1. Compare the location of sales and manufacturing operations in North America and Europe. What factors have influenced the location of the factories in both continents?

1. Identify and explain the economic and physical factors behind the location of the main international suppliers.