Corporate dividends may qualify for special tax treatment. Which of the following statements is true regarding qualified dividends?

a$.$ Qualified dividends are taxed at ordinary income rates.

b$.$ Qualified dividends are excluded from gross income.

c$.$ Qualified dividends are taxed at $0\%,15\%,$ or $20\%.$

d$.$ Qualified dividends are considered reductions to the taxpayer's basis.