could you please gave a more explinaton from where you get (1m3/10^6cm)

a) In X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) what is meant by the term chemical shift? Why, for nanoparticles, must one be careful in assignment of chemical speciation based on the chemical shift alone? b) With reference to the Pd(3d ) spectra for metallic palladium (Figure 2), explain the origin of the two labelled peaks and why the 3/2 peak is higher in binding energy than the 5/2 peak. Figure 2 c) How would the spectrum in Figure 2 change if the palladium was fully converted to the following species? i) Pd nanoparticles, diameter