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1~Is your happiness within your control? Are people born naturally happy or sad? One important key to psychological health is the way you think about and interpret events in your life. For example, if you say "hello" to someone and don't get a response, do you begin to wonder if that person is angry with you? Or do you surmise that he or she didn't hear you or perhaps was distracted? Research shows that having positive interpretation of life's events, particularly how you cope with adversity, can make a significant difference in terms of your health, academic and work performance, as well as how long you will live. Do you see the glass half empty, as pessimists do, or half full, as optimists do? Does it matter? Again, studies overwhelmingly contend that your perspective makes a tremendous difference in your psychological health. Compared to pessimists, optimists tend to contract fewer infectious diseases, have better health habits, possess stronger immune systems, be more successful in their careers and perform better in sports, music and academics. Source: Adapted from Wayne A. Payne, Dale B. Hahn, and Ellen B. Lucas, Understanding Your Health. What is the author's purpose in this paragraph? Select the best answer. Group of answer choices to teach readers how to have a more positive outlook on life to inform readers about the psychological and physical benefits of an optimistic perspective on life to instruct readers in how to cope with adversity to illustrate for readers the major differences between pessimists and optimists 2~The SQ3R reading/study method has five steps, designated by the initials S-Q-R-R-R. The first step is to survey the material by reading the headings, figure caption, recaps, proving yourself with an overview of the major points of the chapter or article. The next step---the "Q" in SQ3R---is to question. Formulate questions about the material---either aloud or in writing---prior to actually reading a section of text. The next three steps in the SQ3R method ask you to read, recall, and review the material. Read carefully and, even more importantly, read actively and critically, While you are reading, answer the questions you have asked yourself. The recall step involves describing and explaining to yourself the material you have just read answering the questions you have posed earlier. Recall aloud; the recalling process helps to identify your degree of understanding of the material you have just read. Finally, review the material, looking it over, re-reading any summaries, and answering any review questions that are included at the end of a section. What is the author's purpose in this paragraph? Select the best answer. Group of answer choices to instruct readers in how to use the SQ3R study method to explain to readers why studying college textbook material is challenging to convince readers that reading is a five-step process to inform readers about effective study strategies 3~ No matter how much students may be able to rationalize cheating in college, ignorance of the consequences is not an excuse. When a student tries to pass off someone else's term paper as their own, they are committing a form of cheating known as plagiarism. Most instructors announce the penalties for this type of cheating at the beginning of the course. They warn students that the penalty for cheating of this sort is usually a failing grade in the course and possible suspension or expulsion from school. Source: Adapted from Brian K. Williams and Stacy C. Sawyer, Using Information Technology: A practical Introduction to Computers and Communications What is the author's purpose in this paragraph? Select the best answer. Group of answer choices to explain the reasons why college students are tempted to cheat to inform readers about the problem of cheating in college to inform students about the penalties for plagiarism in college to persuade college students to avoid plagiarism 4~ A number of theories for why we forget have been suggested. According to the theory of motivated forgetting, we forget material we need to forget. In other words, we repress certain uncomfortable memories. Decay theory holds that certain memories decay or fade with the passage of time if we do not use the information. Interference theory holds that we forget information because other information interferes with or confounds our memory. Proactive interference with the ability to remember new material. Retroactive interference refers to a situation where information learned later interferes with our remembering previously learned material. Source: Adapted from Diane Papalia and Sally Olds, Psychology. What is the author's purpose in this paragraph? Select the best answer. Group of answer choices To inform readers about the different theories for why we forget things to illustrate for readers the theory of forgetting To teach readers ways they can improve their ability to remember material to instruct readers in how to avoid interference when memorizing new material 5~ How do you imagine your life in the future? Do you ever think about how your health allows you to participate in meaningful life activities---and what might happen if your health is compromised? Consider, for example, the numerous ways that your health affects your daily activities. Your health affects your ability to pursue an education or a career. It affects your opportunities to socialize with friends and family and the chance to travel---for business, relaxation, or adventure. Your health also affects your opportunity to meet and connect with new people and participation in hobbies and recreational activities. The opportunity to live independently and the ability to conceive or the opportunity to parent children is also affected by your health. Even your ability to enjoy a wide range of foods depends on your health. Source: Adapted from Wayne A. Payne, Dale B. Hahn, and Ellen B. Lucas, Understanding Your Health. What is the author's purpose in this paragraph? Select the best answer. Group of answer choices to explain the reasons why diet and exercise are important to your health to teach reader how to avoid compromising their health to inform readers about the activities that promote a healthy lifestyle to convince readers that there are numerous reasons for maintaining your health 6~ In August 2006, the New York Times published an article titled Tale of the Tapeworm (Squeamish Readers Stop Here). Readers who didn't take the warning seriously made a huge mistake. What the article reported on was the story of a woman who had, in the course of making gefilte fish, ingested a tapeworm, and here's where the squeamish should have stopped reading. When the tapeworm was removed from the woman's body, it turned out to be three feet long. The source of numerous and vague symptoms like fatigue and indigestion, the worm had been happily living in the woman's stomach for who knows how long. Disgusting as the idea may be, tapeworms can, in fact, do just that: take up residence in your body without you knowing it. Unless the body gets irritated by its guest and produces some symptoms, the tapeworm can make use of it for as long as twenty years. As if that thought weren't gross enough, tapeworms can, if undetected, grow as long as thirty feet. Consider that the next time you think about eating sushi. The tone is Group of answer choices lighthearted. horrified. neutral. humorous. 7~Chimpanzees, who share nearly 99 percent of our DNA, are almost human, but you would never know it from the way we treat them. As photographer Michael Nichols has shown in his disturbing book Brutal Kinship, we use and abuse them at will for medical research, for entertainment, or simply out of personal greed. Determined to remain blind to their suffering, we refuse to grasp how like us they are. Chimpanzees nurture their young and mourn their dead. They have distinct personalities and can express a variety of emotions, from love to rage. Yet for all their similarities, we appear to think little of their pain and suffering if our interests are served. Leafing through the pages of Nichols's book, which is filled with images of chimps in cages or lying vacant-eyed with tubes dangling from their arms, it's practically impossible to understand how we can torture and maim creatures who look and behave so much like ourselves. The tone is Group of answer choices disgusted. confident. neutral. ironic. 8~ I'm on the couch because the dog on the blanket gets worried at night. During the day she sleeps the catnappy sleep of the elderly, but when it gets dark her eyes open and she is agitated. I'm next to her. We are in this together, the dying game, and I read for hours in the evening with one foot on her back, getting up only to open a new can of beer or take blankets to the basement. At some point I stretch out on the vinyl couch and close my eyes, one hand hanging down, touching her side. By morning the dog arm has become a nerveless club that doesn't come around until noon. My friends think I am nuts. (Jo Ann Beard, The Fourth State of Matter, The Best American Essays 1997, ed. Ian Frazier and Robert Atwan. Boston: Houghton Miffin, 1997, p. 12.) The tone is Group of answer choices angry. irritated. grieving. neutral. 9~I'm afraid I have noticed an alarming development at our house. The dog is trying to talk. He is not at all interested in remaining The Creature in the Household Who Barks, which, I have explained to him again and again, is the only role for which he is suited. Oh, I've done all the right things to raise his self-esteem about this: I've assured him that forever and ever he will be the only one in the house who is permitted to bark, and that, in fact, is why we hired him as the family dog in the first place, so he would bark and maybe protect us. I even told him that we respect him for his bark. You know what he says to this? Oowwww. . . . (Sandi Shelton, You Might as Well Laugh, St. Martin's Press, p. 74. 1999.) The tone is Group of answer choices comic. neutral. angry. surprised. 10~ For years, critics have argued about the ancient Greek play Oedipus Rex. Some have claimed that Oedipus knows nothing of his guilt until the end of the play, when it is revealed that he murdered his own father. Others have insisted that Oedipus is aware all along of his guilt. According to this point of view, Oedipus, the brilliant solver of riddles, could not possibly have ignored the mounting evidence that he was the king's murderer. Just how or why this debate has raged for so many years remains a mystery. The correct interpretation is so obvious. Oedipus knows from the beginning that he is guilty. He just pretends to be ignorant of the truth. For example, when a servant tells the story of the king's murder, he uses the word bandits. But when Oedipus repeats this story, he uses the singular form bandit. Sophocles provides clues like this throughout the play. Thus, it's hard to understand why anyone would think that Oedipus does not know the truth about his crime. The tone is Group of answer choices confident. lighthearted. outraged. neutral.