MEDIA LITERACY AND THE CRITICAL PROCESS Banned Books and "Family Values" In Free Speech for Me-but Not for Thee: How the American Left and Right Relentlessly Censor Each Other, Nat Hentoff writes that "the lust to suppress can come from any direction." Indeed, Ulysses by James Joyce, The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov, and To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee have all been banned by some U.S. community, school, or library at one time or another. In fact, the most censored book in U.S. history is Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the 1884 classic that still sells tens of thousands of copies each year. Often, the impulse behind calling for a book's banishment is to protect children in the name of a commu- nity's "family values." DESCRIPTION Identify two contemporary books that have been chal- 1 lenged or banned in two separate communities. (Check the American Library Association Web site [www.ala .org/advocacy/banned] for information on the most frequently challenged and banned books, or use the LexisNexis database.) Describe the communities involved and what sparked the challenges or bans. Describe the issues at stake and the positions students, teachers, parents, admin- istrators, citizens, religious leaders, and politicians took with regard to the books. Discuss what happened and the final outcomes. 2 ANALYSIS What patterns emerge? What are the main arguments given for censoring the books? What are the main arguments of those defending these particular books? Are there any middle-ground positions or unusual viewpoints raised in your book contro- versies? Did these communities take similar or different approaches when dealing with these books? INTERPRETATION 3 Why did these issues arise? What do you think are the actual reasons why people would challenge or ban a book? (For example, can you tell if people seem genuinely concerned about protecting young readers or are just personally offended by particular books?) How do people handle book banning and issues raised by First Amendment protections of printed materials? 4 Why? EVALUATION Who do you think is right and wrong in these controversies? ENGAGEMENT Read the two banned books. Then write a book review and publish it in a student or local paper, on a blog, or on Facebook. Through social media, link to the ALA's list of banned books and challenge other people to read and review them.