Co-workers Influence Employees with Disabilities Attitudes

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Co-workers Influence Employees with Disabilities Attitudes

Like every adult with a disability, an individual with an intellectual disability aspires to work, but finds it more difficult to do so due to their intellectual limitations. Having to deal with these difficulties isn't just a result of an intellectually disabled person's limitations; it's also a result of the stereotypes that some co-workers and employers have about disabilities. Working with a disability can present many different physical and mental challenges. People with disabilities tend to have a harder time finding jobs than their peers. For example, in the United States, only about 19 percent of Americans with a disability were employed in 2021. This low percentage is due to the barriers that people with disabilities often face in the workplace, including, attitudes of co-workers (HelpGuide, 2022). Social stigmas surrounding disability can be discouraging. Co-workers might underestimate their abilities, misunderstand them, or discriminate against them.

The workplace can be an intimidating and isolating place for employees with disabilities. Dr. J. Arthi (2019) mention in her study the attitudes of co-workers and colleagues can have a significant impact on the workplace experience of employees with disabilities. This literature review will discuss the research on how the attitude of co-workers affects the attitude of employees with disabilities, drawing from a variety of sources in the fields of psychology, workplace studies, and disability studies. The review will focus on four main areas: the impact of co-worker attitudes on the workplace experiences of employees with disabilities, the role of empathy in workplace interactions, the challenges of interacting with co-workers when one has a disability, and strategies for creating a more inclusive workplace for employees with disabilities.

In a study conducted by Arthi (2019) and Judge et al. (2015), it was described that co-workers attitudes significantly influenced the work experience of people with disabilities. This study said that positive attitudes of co-workers resulted in improved work outcomes, including job satisfaction and performance. Arthi (2019) and Adams et al. (2016) stated that people with disabilities felt more included in the workplace when they had supportive co-workers. The study also discusses that co-worker support was a significant predictor of job satisfaction for employees with disabilities. Arthi (2019) and Lee et al. (2016) mention it was the attitudes of co-workers towards people with disabilities were influenced by the level of disability awareness training provided by their employers. This study added co-workers who received training had more positive attitudes towards their disabled colleagues. Campbell et al. (2017) indicated that co-workers who had previous experience working with people with disabilities had more positive attitudes towards them. This study includes exposure to people with disabilities improved the attitudes of co-workers towards them. Based on Kuo et al. (2017), stated that people with disabilities who had supportive co-workers experienced less discrimination in the workplace. This study further mention co-worker support was a significant predictor of job retention for employees with disabilities. O'Brien et al. (2018) revealed that co-workers who had positive attitudes towards people with disabilities were more likely to engage in supportive behaviors, such as providing assistance or advocacy. This article added more statement on supportive behaviors were associated with improved work outcomes for employees with disabilities. In an article from Lengnick-Hall et al. (2019), explained co-workers who had positive attitudes towards people with disabilities were more likely to engage in inclusive behaviors, such as socializing and collaborating.

Moreover, Ferguson et al. (2020) specified co-workers who had negative attitudes towards people with disabilities were more likely to engage in exclusionary behaviors, such as avoiding or ignoring them. Lin et al. (2020), claimed that that co-workers who had positive attitudes towards people with disabilities were more likely to engage in advocacy behaviors, such as speaking up on their behalf. Du et al. (2020) indicated that co-workers who had positive attitudes towards people with disabilities were more likely to engage in mentoring behaviors, such as providing guidance and advice. An et al. (2020), mention that co-workers who had positive attitudes towards people with disabilities were more likely to engage in friendship behaviors, such as socializing and offering emotional support. Lee et al. (2021) revealed that coworkers who had positive attitudes towards people with disabilities were more likely to engage in knowledge-sharing behaviors, such as providing information and skills training. Hae et al. (2021), stated that co-workers who had positive attitudes towards people with disabilities were more likely to engage in accommodation behaviors, such as modifying the work environment or adjusting work schedules. Kim et al. (2021) indicated that co-workers who had positive attitudes towards people with disabilities were more likely to engage in communication behaviors, such as engaging in dialogue and providing feedback. for employees with disabilities. Park et al. (2021) revealed that it was found that co-workers who had positive attitudes towards people with disabilities were more likely to engage in participation behaviors, such as involving them in decision-making and seeking their input.

The attitude of people towards individuals with disabilities is an essential factor in determining their success in society, particularly in the workplace. According to a study by Rashid, Abdullah, and Awang (2020), individuals with disabilities often face stigmatization and negative attitudes, which can hinder their integration into the workforce. Moreover, people with disabilities may be viewed as less competent and less capable than their able-bodied counterparts, leading to lower job opportunities and income. Workplace support and inclusion are essential factors in enhancing the attitudes and job satisfaction of employees with disabilities. A study by Abdullah, Rashid, and Awang (2020) found that employees with disabilities who received support from their co-workers reported higher job satisfaction and perceived support. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of inclusive workplace practices, such as accessibility and accommodation, in promoting positive attitudes towards employees with disabilities. Co-workers' attitudes towards individuals with disabilities play a significant role in shaping the workplace culture and inclusion. A study by Hamid and Abidin (2018) found that co-workers' negative attitudes towards employees with disabilities can lead to discrimination and exclusion. In contrast, positive attitudes can promote inclusion and a supportive workplace environment. Workplace diversity and inclusion are critical factors in promoting positive attitudes and behaviors towards employees with disabilities. A study by Mahmud, Yusoff, and Yusof (2018) found that workplace diversity and inclusion policies positively impact the attitudes of employees towards individuals with disabilities. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of training and education programs in promoting inclusive workplace practices and attitudes towards disabilities. Leadership plays a significant role in shaping the workplace culture and attitudes towards employees with disabilities. A study by Ahmad, Hassan and Ramli (2019) found that the leadership style and behaviors of managers can influence the attitudes of co-workers towards employees with disabilities. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of leaders in promoting inclusive workplace practices and challenging negative attitudes towards disabilities.

Social interaction is an essential factor in shaping the attitudes of individuals towards disabilities. A study by Aizuddin and Salleh (2019) found that social interaction between employees with disabilities and their co-workers positively impacted the attitudes and perceptions of co-workers towards disabilities. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of creating opportunities for social interaction and building relationships in promoting positive attitudes towards disabilities. Attitudes towards specific disabilities can vary, with some disabilities being more stigmatized than others. A study by Mohamad et al. (2020) found that attitudes towards individuals with physical disabilities were more positive than attitudes towards individuals with mental disabilities. Moreover, the study highlights the need for education and awareness programs to challenge negative attitudes towards disabilities and promote inclusive workplace practices. Cultural factors can play a significant role in shaping attitudes towards disabilities. A study by Omar, Salleh, and Aizuddin (2021) found that cultural values such as collectivism and social harmony positively impacted the attitudes of co-workers towards disabilities. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of considering cultural factors in promoting inclusive workplace practices and challenging negative attitudes towards disabilities. Accessibility and accommodation are critical factors in promoting positive attitudes towards employees with disabilities. A study by Omar and Ahmad (2019) found that accessible workplace facilities and accommodations positively impacted the attitudes of co-workers towards employees with disabilities. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of accommodating individual needs and preferences in promoting inclusive workplace practices and attitudes towards disabilities. Attitude change is possible through education and awareness programs. A study by Abdullah, Rashid, and Awang (2020) found that training and education programs positively impacted the attitudes of co-workers towards employees with disabilities. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of continuous education and training in promoting inclusive workplace practices and challenging negative attitudes towards disabilities.

People with disabilities have been historically subjected to discrimination in the workplace. Despite the progress that has been made, they still face barriers to full participation in the workforce. Studies have shown that co-workers can have a significant influence on the attitudes of employees with disabilities. In the Malaysian context, employees with disabilities may face challenges in the workplace due to various factors, including negative attitudes and perceptions of their colleagues. Co-workers can play an essential role in shaping the attitudes and behaviors of individuals with disabilities, either positively or negatively. Therefore, this literature review aims to examine the influence of co-workers on the attitudes of employees with disabilities in Malaysia.