Cracker (Pty) Ltd is in the business of manufacturing fireworks. They sell to both the local and the international markets. Sandra Naidoo, who is the founder and CEO of the company, is proud of the company's growth. She started the company in her backyard six years ago and today her company is selling fireworks across the globe. She owns 100% of the company Cracker (Pty) Ltd is VAT registered and makes only taxable supplies. Cracker (Pty) Ltd is on a two-month tax period ending March, May, July, etc. The following is an extract taken from Cracker (Pty) Ltd's management accounts for the two months ending May 2019. All amounts exclude VAT unless stated otherwise. Amount (R) Note Sales (excluding VAT) 1 500 000 Purchases - raw materials (excluding VAT) 450 000 2 Purchase of goods and services 520 000 3 530 000 Profit from operations 1 Notes 

1. The sales can be further analyzed as follows: Local sales 900 000 Foreign sales (directly exported) 600 000 Total sales 1 500 000 

2. Raw materials are purchased from local suppliers. 

3. An analysis of this figure provides the following purchases: 

a. Cracker (Pty) Ltd purchased a second-hand computer from a VAT vendor for R3 000 (excluding VAT) 

b. Cracker (Pty) Ltd paid salaries of R80 000 in the two-month period. 

c. Cracker (Pty) Ltd purchased a second-hand bakkie from a friend, John, for R20 000 and paid cash. John is not a VAT vendor. The bakkie was used to deliver fireworks, as the last delivery vehicle had an unfortunate end when a "bright spark (a type of firework with a large explosive charge) accidentally went off in the back of the van 

d. Sandra traveled extensively to promote her business. In the two-month period, she spent R12 000 on air travel to trade shows in Frankfurt, Germany, and Nigeria. She spent R4 000 on travel to Parys, South Africa (excluding VAT). 24.

e. Petrol costs were R10 000 

f. R40 000 (excluding VAT) relates to an invoice received from ABC Auditing Services This was for the annual audit that took place in April. Payment of the invoice is only expected to be made in June 2019. 

g. The balance of these purchases of R351 000 are supplies of goods and services from VAT vendors. 

Required: 

Calculate the VAT payable to, or refundable from SARS by Cracker (Pty) Ltd at the end of their May 2019 VAT period. Use a VAT rate of 15%. Round off your answers to the nearest Rand.