Crash Course In Statistics - The Chi Square - Quiz #4

Instructions: In your prior Crash Course Quizzes, you focused on a study looking at deindividuation, which used different crowd sizes in a movie theater and participant willingness to donate money to charity. Using that same study design, complete the questions below and transfer your answers to your Crash Course in Statistics - The Chi Square Quiz #4 in Canvas IMPORTANT: The answer options on Canvas may not be in the same order you see them below, so make sure to copy over the CONTENT of the answer and not simply the answer letter (A, B, C, D, or E).

Chi Square Crash Course Quiz Part A

We conduct a similar study using the same two groups we used for the t-Test. Recall that in that study, participants were given a ticket to a movie where the auditorium was either Mostly Empty (including only the participant and their friend) or Mostly Full. Before the movie, all participants watch a PSA for the Will Rogers Institute asking for donations. (Note: For the Chi Square Crash Course #3 Part A, ignore the "Half Full" condition you saw in the ANOVA test

You want to make sure that participants are aware of their surroundings. You therefore as them, "How would you describe the theater you are sitting in: 1) It is mostly empty or 2) It is mostly full."

1). How many participants in the Mostly Empty and Mostly Full conditions thought people would be more willing to donate to a charity when they were identifiable?

A. A total of 27 participants (90%) in the Mostly Empty condition thought the theater was Mostly Empty and a total of 30 participants (100%) in Mostly Full condition thought the theater was Mostly Full.

B. A total of 30 participants (100%) in the Mostly Empty condition thought the theater was Mostly Empty and a total of 30 participants (100%) in Mostly Full condition thought the theater was Mostly Full.

C. A total of 30 participants (100%) in the Mostly Empty condition thought the theater was Mostly Empty and a total of 27 participants (90%) in Mostly Full condition thought the theater was Mostly Full.

D. A total of 3 participants (10%) in the Mostly Empty condition thought the theater was Mostly Empty and a total of 0 participants (0%) in Mostly Full condition thought the theater was Mostly Full.

E. A total of 33 participants (55%) in the Mostly Empty condition thought the theater was Mostly Empty and a total of 27 participants (45%) in Mostly Full condition thought the theater was Mostly Full.

2). We wanted to look at when participants thought that people would be willing to donate to a charity (When they are identifiable or when they are not identifiable). We used a chi square to assess this, but could we use a t-Test for this analysis instead? Select the appropriate answer

A. Yes, we can run a t-Test. The t-Test relies on continuous variables, and the dependent variable here is continuous (scaled).

B. Yes, we can run a t-Test. Since the dependent variable here is a yeso response (or a dichotomous or nominal variable), we a t-Test is appropriate to use

C. No, we cannot run a t-Test. Since the dependent variable here is a continuous (scaled) response, we cannot run a t-Test. A chi square is more appropriate

D. No, we cannot run a t-Test. Since the dependent variable here is a categorical-based response (or a dichotomous or nominal variable), we cannot run a t-Test. A chi square is more appropriate

E. There is not enough information in this study to decide if we can run a t-Test

3). Which of the following represents the correct way to write out the results for this chi square in an A P A formatted results section?

A. A chi square test of independence was calculated to assess if participants in either a Mostly Empty or Mostly Full movie theater were aware that the theater was Mostly Empty versus Mostly Full. A significant relationship failed to emerge, ²(1) = 0.91, p = .000. In the Mostly Empty condition, all 30 participants (or 100% of those in this condition) stated they were in a Mostly Empty theater. In the Mostly Full condition, 27 participants (or 90% of those in this condition) stated the theater was Mostly Full. Phi showed a weak effect. This indicates that participants did not differ in their assessment of how crowded the theater was.

B. A chi square test of independence was calculated to assess if participants in either a Mostly Empty or Mostly Full movie theater were aware that the theater was Mostly Empty versus Mostly Full. A significant relationship failed to emerge, ²(1) = 49.09, p = .100. In the Mostly Empty condition, all 30 participants (or 100% of those in this condition) stated they were in a Mostly Empty theater. In the Mostly Full condition, 27 participants (or 90% of those in this condition) stated the theater was Mostly Full. Phi showed a weak effect. This indicates that participants did not differ in their assessment of how crowded the theater was.

C. A chi square test of independence was calculated to assess if participants in either a Mostly Empty or Mostly Full movie theater were aware that the theater was Mostly Empty versus Mostly Full. A significant relationship emerged, ²(1) = 49.09, p

D. A chi square test of independence was calculated to assess if participants in either a Mostly Empty or Mostly Full movie theater were aware that the theater was Mostly Empty versus Mostly Full. A significant relationship emerged, ²(2) = 49.09, p

E. A chi square test of independence was calculated to assess if participants in either a Mostly Empty or Mostly Full movie theater were aware that the theater was Mostly Empty versus Mostly Full. A significant relationship emerged, ²(1) = 49.09, p

Chi Square Crash Course Quiz Part B

You design a new study in which you look at all three conditions from the One-Way ANOVA crash course quiz (Mostly Empty Theater, Mostly Full Theater, or Half Full Theater). But you alter your question to the following: Do you feel like you are anonymous (not identifiable) right now in this theater? 1 = Yes, 2 = No)." You expect the participants to feel anonymous in the Mostly Full and Half Full theaters, but not in the Mostly Empty Theater. You get the following data (Note: This does differ from the tables used for questions 1, 2, and 3! If you want to run the data yourself, use the "#4 Chi Square Crash Course Data Filter Spring B" in Canvas - not required, but recommended!):

4). How many participants in the Mostly Empty condition thought they were anonymous, how many participants in the Mostly Full condition thought they were anonymous, and how many participants in the Half Full condition thought they were anonymous?

A. A total of 25 participants (83.3%) in the Mostly Empty theater thought they were anonymous. A total of 22 participants (73.3%) in the Mostly Full theater thought they were anonymous. A total of 26 participants (83.9%) in the Half Full theater thought they were anonymous.

B. A total of 5 participants (16.7%) in the Mostly Empty theater thought they were anonymous. A total of 22 participants (73.3%) in the Mostly Full theater thought they were anonymous. A total of 26 participants (83.9%) in the Half Full theater thought they were anonymous.

C. A total of 5 participants (16.7%) in the Mostly Empty theater thought they were anonymous. A total of 26 participants (83.9%) in the Mostly Full theater thought they were anonymous. A total of 22 participants (73.3%) in the Half Full theater thought they were anonymous.

D. A total of 25 participants (83.3%) in the Mostly Empty theater thought they were anonymous. A total of 8 participants (26.7%) in the Mostly Full theater thought they were anonymous. A total of 5 participants (16.1%) in the Half Full theater thought they were anonymous.

E. A total of 16.7 participants (5%) in the Mostly Empty theater thought they were anonymous. A total of 73.3 participants (22%) in the Mostly Full theater thought they were anonymous. A total of 83.9 participants (26%) in the Half Full theater thought they were anonymous.

5). Which of the following represents the correct way to write out the results for this chi square in an A P A formatted results section?

A. A chi square test of independence was calculated to see if participants in the Mostly Empty, Mostly Full, and Half Full theaters felt they were anonymous (Yes or Now). A significant relationship emerged, ²(1) = 32.50, p

B. A chi square test of independence was calculated to see if participants in the Mostly Empty, Mostly Full, and Half Full theaters felt they were anonymous (Yes or Now). A significant relationship emerged, ²(2) = 32.50, p

C. A chi square test of independence was calculated to see if participants in the Mostly Empty, Mostly Full, and Half Full theaters felt they were anonymous (Yes or Now). A significant relationship emerged, ²(2) = 32.50, p

D. A chi square test of independence was calculated to see if participants in the Mostly Empty, Mostly Full, and Half Full theaters felt they were anonymous (Yes or Now). A significant relationship failed to emerge, ²(2) = 32.50, p = .100. In the Mostly Empty condition, 25 participants (or 83.3% of those in this condition) stated they felt anonymous. In the Mostly Full condition, 22 participants (or 73.3% of those in this condition) stated they felt anonymous. In the Half Full condition, 26 participants (or 83.9% of those in this condition) stated they felt anonymous. Cramer's V showed a strong effect. The non-significant test indicates that participants in all conditions felt similarly anonymous.

E. A chi square test of independence was calculated to see if participants in the Mostly Empty, Mostly Full, and Half Full theaters felt they were anonymous (Yes or Now). A significant relationship failed to emerge, ²(1) = 27.80, p = .100. In the Mostly Empty condition, 25 participants (or 83.3% of those in this condition) stated they felt anonymous. In the Mostly Full condition, 22 participants (or 73.3% of those in this condition) stated they felt anonymous. In the Half Full condition, 26 participants (or 83.9% of those in this condition) stated they felt anonymous. Cramer's V showed a strong effect. The non-significant test indicates that participants in all conditions felt similarly anonymous.

Theater Condition (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Full) * Theater Observation (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Full) Crosstabulation Theater Observation (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Full) Mostly Empty Mostly Fully Total Theater Condition Mostly Empty Count 30 0 30 (1 = Mostly Empty, % within Theater 100.0% 0.0% 2 = Mostly Full) 100.0% Condition (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Full) Mostly Full Count 3 27 30 % within Theater 10.0% 90.0% 100.0% Condition (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Full) Total Count 33 27 60 % within Theater 55.0% 45.0% 100.0% Condition (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Full)Chi-Square Tests Asymptotic Significance Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1- Value df (2-sided) sided) sided) Pearson Chi-Square 49.091 000 Continuity Correction 45.522 000 Likelihood Ratio 63.072 000 Fisher's Exact Test 000 .000 Linear-by-Linear 48.273 .000 Association N of Valid Cases 60Symmetric Measures Approximate Value Significance Nominal by Nominal Phi 905 000 Cramer's V 905 000 N of Valid Cases 60Theater Condition (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Full, 3 = Half Full) * Do you feel you are anonymous (1 = Yes, 2 = No) Crosstabulation Do you feel you are anonymous (1 = Yes, 2 = No) Yes No Total Theater Condition Mostly Empty Count 5 25 30 (1 = Mostly Empty, % within Theater 16.7% 83.3% 100.0% 2 = Mostly Full, 3 Condition (1 = Mostly = Half Full) Empty, 2 = Mostly Full, 3 = Half Full) Mostly Full Count 22 8 30 % within Theater 73.3% 26.7% 100.0% Condition (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Full, 3 = Half Full) Half Full Count 26 5 31 % within Theater 83.9% 16.1% 100.0% Condition (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Full, 3 = Half Full) Total Count 53 38 91 % within Theater 58.2% 41.8% 100.0% Condition (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Full, 3 = Half Full)\fSymmetric Measures Approximate Value Significance Nominal by Nominal Phi 598 000 Cramer's V 598 000 N of Valid Cases 91