Crash Course In Statistics - The Chi Square - Quiz #4 (Attractiveness, Fall 2021)

Instructions:In your prior Crash Course Quizzes (#2 and #3), you focused on a study looking at the attractiveness of an essay author and how manipulating that attractiveness via a photo might impact assessments of her argument that children should not own a cell phone.Using this study, complete the questions below and transfer those answers to your Crash Course in Statistics - The Chi Square Quiz #4 in Canvas (1 point per question). IMPORTANT: The answer options on Canvas may not be in the same order you see them below, so make sure to copy over the CONTENT of the answer and not simply the answer letter (A, B, C, D, or E).

Chi Square Crash Course Quiz Part A: We conduct a similar study using the same two groups we used for the t-Test (Attractive photograph condition versus Unattractive photograph condition. For now, ignore the "No photograph" condition). For our current analysis, we want to make sure participants saw the author photograph manipulation as we intended. That is, we ask them to select one of two options: "Was the essay author 1). Attractive or 2). Unattractive?" Note that there is no real prediction here. We simply want to see if participants recall their condition. If their recall is inaccurate, then our manipulation may not have been successful.

Note: If you want to run these analyses yourself, look for the SPSS file called "#4 Chi Square Crash Course Data Attractiveness Fall A" in Canvas - Running the analysis is not required as the data are presented below, but it is definitely recommended if you want some SPSS practice!).You get the following data:

1). How many participants in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo, and how many participants in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo?

A. A total of 47 participants (100%) in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo. A total of 47 participants (100%) in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo.

B. A total of 31 participants (54.3%) in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo. A total of 27 participants (45.7%) in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo.

C. A total of 31 participants (66%) in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo. A total of 27 participants (57.4%) in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo.

D. A total of 31 participants (57.4%) in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo. A total of 27 participants (66%) in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo.

E. A total of 27 participants (66%) in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo. A total of 31 participants (57.4%) in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo.

2). We used a chi square test to look at whether the Unattractive Condition or Unattractive Condition participants recalled seeing the correct photo (unattractive photo versus attractive photo), but can we use a t-Test for this analysis instead? Select the appropriate answer

A. Yes, we can run a t-Test. The t-Test relies on continuous variables, and the dependent variable here is continuous (scaled).

B. Yes, we can run a t-Test. Since the dependent variable here is a yes/no response (or a dichotomous or nominal variable), we a t-Test is appropriate to use

C. No, we cannot run a t-Test. Since the dependent variable here is a continuous (scaled) response, we cannot run a t-Test. A chi square is more appropriate

D. No, we cannot run a t-Test. Since the dependent variable here is a categorical-based response (or a dichotomous or nominal variable), we cannot run a t-Test. A chi square is more appropriate

E. There is not enough information in this study to decide if we can run a t-Test

3). Which of the following represents the correct way to write out the results for this chi square in an APA formatted results section?

A. A chi square test of independence was calculated to see if participants in the Unattractive and Attractive photo conditions recalled the correct photo (The photo was either unattractive or attractive, respectively). A significant relationship emerged, ²(2) = 5.19, p < .05. In the Unattractive condition, 31 participants (66%) recalled seeing an unattractive photo while 27 participants (57.4%) in the Attractive condition recalled seeing an attractive photo. Phi showed a strong effect. This indicates that participants paid attention to the study manipulation.

B. A chi square test of independence was calculated to see if participants in the Unattractive and Attractive photo conditions recalled the correct photo (The photo was either unattractive or attractive, respectively). A significant relationship emerged, ²(1) = 5.19, p < .05. In the unattractive condition, 27 participants (57.4%) recalled seeing an unattractive photo while 31 participants (66%) in the Attractive condition recalled seeing an attractive photo. Phi showed a strong effect. This indicates that participants paid attention to the study manipulation.

C. A chi square test of independence was calculated to see if participants in the Unattractive and Attractive photo conditions recalled the correct photo (The photo was either unattractive or attractive, respectively). A significant relationship emerged, ²(1) = 5.19, p < .05. In the Unattractive condition, 31 participants (66%) recalled seeing an unattractive photo while 27 participants (57.4%) in the Attractive condition recalled seeing an attractive photo. Phi showed a strong effect. This indicates that participants paid attention to the study manipulation.

D. A chi square test of independence was calculated to see if participants in the Unattractive and Attractive photo conditions recalled the correct photo (The photo was either unattractive or attractive, respectively). A significant relationship did not emerge, ²(1) = 5.19, p > .05. Although 31 participants (66%) in the Unattractive condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo and 27 participants (57.4%) in the Attractive condition recalled seeing an attractive photo, condition recall did not differ significantly between conditions. This indicates that participants did not pay attention to the study manipulation.

E. A chi square test of independence was calculated to see if participants in the Unattractive and Attractive photo conditions recalled the correct photo (The photo was either unattractive or attractive, respectively). A significant relationship did not emerge, ²(2) = 5.19, p > .05. Although 31 participants (66%) in the Unattractive condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo and 27 participants (57.4%) in the Attractive condition recalled seeing an attractive photo, condition recall did not differ significantly between conditions. This indicates that participants did not pay attention to the study manipulation.

Chi Square Crash Course Quiz Part B: You design a new study in which you look at all three conditions from the One-Way ANOVA crash course quiz (Attractive photograph, Unattractive photograph, or No photograph). You then ask participants to choose one of three options, "In the photo of the author, was the essay author 1). Unattractive, 2). Attractive or 3). I did not see a photo."You get the following data (Note: This does differ from the tables used for questions 1, 2, and 3! If you want to run the data yourself, use the "#4 Chi Square Crash Course Data Attractiveness Fall B" in Canvas - not required, but recommended!):

4). How many participants in the Unattractive condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo, how many participants in the Attractive condition recalled seeing an attractive photo, and how many participants in the No photo condition recalled seeing no photo?

A. A total of 47 participants (100%) in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo, a total of 47 participants (100%) in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo, and a total of 29 participants (100%) in the No photo Condition recalled not seeing a photo.

B. A total of 34 participants (72.3%) in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo, a total of 29 participants (19.1%) in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo, and a total of 29 participants (8.5%) in the No photo Condition recalled not seeing a photo.

C. A total of 4 participants (8.5%) in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo, a total of 6 participants (12.8%) in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo, and a total of 29 participants (61.7%) in the No photo Condition recalled not seeing a photo.

D. A total of 34 participants (72.3%) in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo, a total of 29 participants (61.7%) in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo, and a total of 29 participants (61.7%) in the No photo Condition recalled not seeing a photo.

E. A total of 55 participants (39%) in the Unattractive Condition recalled seeing an unattractive photo, a total of 47 participants (33.3%) in the Attractive Condition recalled seeing an attractive photo, and a total of 39 participants (27.7%) in the No photo Condition recalled not seeing a photo.

5). Which of the following represents the correct way to write out the results for this chi square in an APA formatted results section?

A. A chi square test of independence was calculated comparing whether participants in the Unattractive Photo, Attractive Photo, and No Photo conditions recalled what they saw ("In the photo of the author, was the essay author 1). Unattractive, 2). Attractive or 3). I did not see a photo."). A significant relationship emerged, ²(4) = 67.04, p < .001. In the Unattractive Condition, 29 participants (61.7%) recalled seeing an unattractive photo. In the Attractive Condition, 34 participants (72.3%) recalled seeing an attractive photo. Finally, in the No Photo Condition, 29 participants (61.7%) recalled not seeing a photo. Cramer's V showed a strong effect. This indicates that participants paid attention to the study manipulation.

B. A chi square test of independence was calculated comparing whether participants in the Unattractive Photo, Attractive Photo, and No Photo conditions recalled what they saw ("In the photo of the author, was the essay author 1). Unattractive, 2). Attractive or 3). I did not see a photo."). A significant relationship emerged, ²(1) = 67.04, p < .001. In the Unattractive Condition, 29 participants (61.7%) recalled seeing an unattractive photo. In the Attractive Condition, 29 participants (61.7%) recalled seeing an attractive photo. Finally, in the No Photo Condition, 34 participants (72.3%) recalled not seeing a photo. Cramer's V showed a strong effect. This indicates that participants paid attention to the study manipulation.

C. A chi square test of independence was calculated comparing whether participants in the Unattractive Photo, Attractive Photo, and No Photo conditions recalled what they saw ("In the photo of the author, was the essay author 1). Unattractive, 2). Attractive or 3). I did not see a photo."). A significant relationship emerged, ²(4) = 67.04, p < .001. In the Unattractive Condition, 29 participants (61.7%) recalled seeing an unattractive photo. In the Attractive Condition, 29 participants (61.7%) recalled seeing an attractive photo. Finally, in the No Photo Condition, 34 participants (72.3%) recalled not seeing a photo. Cramer's V showed a strong effect. This indicates that participants paid attention to the study manipulation.

D. A chi square test of independence was calculated comparing whether participants in the Unattractive Photo, Attractive Photo, and No Photo conditions recalled what they saw ("In the photo of the author, was the essay author 1). Unattractive, 2). Attractive or 3). I did not see a photo."). A significant relationship emerged, ²(1) = 67.04, p < .001. In the Unattractive Condition, 34 participants (72.3%) recalled seeing an unattractive photo. In the Attractive Condition, 29 participants (61.7%) recalled seeing an attractive photo. Finally, in the No Photo Condition, 29 participants (61.7%) recalled not seeing a photo. Cramer's V showed a strong effect. This indicates that participants paid attention to the study manipulation.

E. A chi square test of independence was calculated comparing whether participants in the Unattractive Photo, Attractive Photo, and No Photo conditions recalled what they saw ("In the photo of the author, was the essay author 1). Unattractive, 2). Attractive or 3). I did not see a photo."). A significant relationship emerged, ²(4) = 67.04, p < .001. In the Unattractive Condition, 34 participants (72.3%) recalled seeing an unattractive photo. In the Attractive Condition, 29 participants (61.7%) recalled seeing an attractive photo. Finally, in the No Photo Condition, 29 participants (61.7%) recalled not seeing a photo. Cramer's V showed a strong effect. This indicates that participants paid attention to the study manipulation.