Crash Course In Statistics - The Two Way Factorial ANOVA

Instructions: Imagine you want to see how participants interpret their own emotions based on the presence of another a drug and another person. You give an injection of epinephrine to all participants, which is a drug that increases general physiological arousal - it increases sweating, heart-rate, blood pressure, agitation, etc. For some participants, you tell them that the drug is inert: it does not have any physiological effects, and is basically a placebo. For others, you tell them the side-effects of the drug include increased physiological arousal, so they think it is real (thus all participants feel the arousal of the drug, but only half of them think the drug is causing that arousal). You then put the participant in a room with another "participant" (actually, this person is a confederate in the study!) who acts either really happy or really angry. Later, you test the real participant to assess his personal rating of happiness (1 = not at all happy; 9 = extremely happy). You predict that those given the drug and think it is a placebo will rate themselves as very happy when they are in the presence of the happy confederate but very angry when in the presence of the angry confederate. However, those who know the drug is real and know this drug is causing their arousal will not differ in their happiness ratings regardless of whether they see a happy or angry confederate. (1 point per question)

Note:DrugThoughts = The participant thinks the drug is either a placebo or real

ConfederateHappyAngry = Confederate either acts happy or angry

1). What are the independent and dependent variables in this study? Choose the best option from those listed below.

A. There is one independent variable: the drug manipulation (either the participant thinks the drug is real or thinks it is placebo). There are two dependent variables. First, there is the behavior of the confederate varies (the confederate is either happy or angry).

Second, there is the personal rating of happiness (the participant is either very happy or not happy.

B. There are three independent variables. First, there is a drug manipulation (either the participant thinks the drug is real or thinks it is placebo). Second, the behavior of the confederate varies (the confederate is either happy or angry). Third, there is the personal rating of happiness (the participant is either very happy or not happy). The dependent variable is whether they know there is a confederate in the study.

C. There are two independent variables. First, there is a drug manipulation (either the participant thinks the drug is real or thinks it is placebo). Second, there is the personal rating of happiness (the participant is either very happy or not happy). There is one dependent variable: the behavior of the confederate varies (the confederate is either happy or angry).

D. There are two independent variables. First, there is a drug manipulation (either the participant thinks the drug is real or thinks it is placebo). Second, the behavior of the confederate varies (the confederate is either happy or angry). There is one dependent variable: personal rating of happiness.

E. There are two independent variables. First, there is a drug manipulation (either the participant thinks the drug is real or thinks it is placebo). Second, the behavior of the confederate varies (the confederate is either happy or angry). There are two dependent variables as well. First, there are personal rating of happiness. Second, there are ratings of whether the participants know there is a confederate in the study.

You run a TwoWay AVOVA on this data set and get the following SPSS output (next page) attached image

+ Univariate Analysis of Variance [DataSet0] Between-Subjects Factors Value Label Drug (Placebo or 1,00 Thinks Drug 40 Effective) is a Placebo 2.00 Thinks Drug 40 is Real Confederate (Happy or 1.00 Happy 40 Angry) 2.00 Angry 40 Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: Participant Happiness Rating Drug (Placebo or Confederate (Happy or Effective Angri Mean Bid, Deviation N Thinks Drug is a Placebo Happy 5.4000 1 14248 20 Angry 4.2000 1.00525 20 Total 5.3000 1.53923 40 Thinks Drug is Real Happy 5.0000 45883 20 Angry 4.9500 51042 20 Total 4,9750 47972 40 Total Happy 5.7000 1.11401 40 Angry 4.5750 87376 40 Total 5.1375 1.14454 Tests of Between Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Participant Happiness Rating Type Ill Sum Source of Squares Mean Square F Sig Corrected Model 50.539" 16.846 24.179 Intercept 21 11 513 2111.513 3030.688 .000 DrugThoughts 2113 2.113 3.032 086 ConfederateHappyAngry 25.313 25.313 36.331 000 DrugThoughts * 23.113 23.113 33.174 000 ConfederateHappyAngry Error 52 950 76 697 Total 2215 000 HO Corrected Total 103 488 79 a. R Squared = 483 (Adjusted R Squared = .468)* Univariate Analysis of Variance [Dataset0] Delween Subjects Factors Drug Plazabo or Effectivel Value Label N Thinks Drug is a Placebo Confederate (Happy or 1.00 Happy Angry 2.00 Angry Thinks Drug is Real Confederate Happy or 1.00 Happy Angry 2.00 Anon 20 Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: Participant Happiness Rating Drug Placebo of Confederate [Happy or Angra Mean Sidd Deviation N Thinks Drug is a Placebo HOPCY 4000 1.14248 20 Angry 4.2000 1.00828 20 Total 5.3000 1.53923 40 Thinks Drug is Real Happy 5.0000 46083 20 Angry 4.9500 51042 20 Total 4.9750 47972 Tests of Botwoon Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Participant Happiness Rating Drug (Placebo or Type Ill Sum of Bqua df Maan Square F Thinks Drug is a Placebo Corrected Model 48.400* 48.40D 41.BOD Intercept 1123.600 1123.600 970.302 ConfederateHappyAngry 48.400 48.400 41.BOD 44.000 38 1.158 Total 1216.000 Corrected Total 90.400 30 Thinks Drug is Real Corrected Model 025 1 025 106 Intercept 950.075 090.025 4203.458 000 Confederate HappyAngry 025 1 025 108 746 Error 8.950 3B .235 Total 949.000 Corrected Total 8.976 39 a. R Squared = 524 (Adjusted R Squared = .511) b. R Squared = 003 (Adjusted R Squared = - 027)