CSM Machine Shop is considering a four-year project to improve its production efficiency. Buying a new machine press for $417,000 is estimated to result in $155,000 in annual pretax cost savings. The press is eligible for 100 percent bonus depreciation and it will have a salvage value at the end of the project of $56,000. The press also requires an initial investment in spare parts inventory of $16,100, along with an additional $3,100 in inventory for each succeeding year of the project. The shop's tax rate is 21 percent and its discount rate is 8 percent. Calculate the project's NPV. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) NPV $ 96.756.74 Pappy's Potato has come up with a new product, the Potato Pet (they are freeze-dried to last longer). Pappy's paid $180,000 for a marketing survey to determine the viability of the product. It is felt that Potato Pet will generate sales of $895,000 per year. The fixed costs associated with this will be $228,000 per year, and variable costs will amount to 24 percent of sales. The equipment necessary for production of the Potato Pet will cost $970,000 and will be depreciated in a straight-line manner for the four years of the product life (as with all fads, it is felt the sales will end quickly). This is the only initial cost for the production. Pappy's has a tax rate of 22 percent and a required return of 16 percent. a. Calculate the payback period for this project. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. Calculate the NPV for this project. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) c. Calculate the IRR for this project. (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)