Cultural background strongly influences Japanese tourist consumer behavior. For instance, the Japanese select a holiday destination differently from a domestic tourist in Australia. To maximize the benefits of their holidays, Japanese carefully pre-plan their travel arrangements. They examine all alternative destinations, their pros and cons, and consider various pricing policies to save additional funds. As a result, in the pre-purchase stage of consumer behavior Japanese spend a lot of time on decision-making. The process of their decision-making is longer when compared to Western consumers. 

On the other hand, the purchase stage itself is speedier than in Western countries because Japanese try to avoid offending and disturbing the harmony of the group (Ziff-Levine, 1990).

In the evaluation stage, Japanese assess the products and services consumed depending on the situation and personal relationships. The Japanese holiday satisfaction level is always weighted against the degree of the Japanese reluctance to express negative emotions. In contrast, the process of decision making of an average Australian tourist is shorter in the pre-purchased stage.

Australians do not spend much time on deciding about their holiday destinations. Their holidays are often unplanned, worry free and relaxed. They are also designed around the individual needs.

However, the purchase stage is longer because Australian tourists often shop around to get the best deal in various travel agencies.

In the evaluation stage, Australians express their holiday dissatisfaction openly and directly; they often argue and refer to facts.

• The Decision Process: Name and explain the stages of the decision process presented in the case study. (3points)
• Environmental and buyer factors impacting Japanese tourist behaviour (1point)
• Environmental and buyer factors impacting Australian Tourist Behaviour (1point)

Name and explain 2 environmental factors and 2 buyer factors, that impact the Japanese and Australian tourists' behavior.