.cuny.edu/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id=_2109528_1&course_id=. Question Completion Status: QUESTION 3 A researcher is interested in seeing if there is an association between whether an individual uses a smart phone right before bed and how well they sleep. Participants in the study report whether or not they used a smart phone before bed and then rate their quality of sleep as either "very poor," "poor," "average," "good," or "very good." The researcher concludes at the end of the study that there is an association between the two variables. What is the dependent (response) variable? O a. Sleep quality O b. The people using smart phones O c. Whether or not they use a smart phone before going to bed O d. None of the above