Cynthia hates writing term papers and reports, so when she receives an assignment to write a paper for her law class, she calls her friend Stephanie and agrees to pay Stephanie to write the paper for her. Stephanie, instead of writing the paper, copies a paper from a small, remote law journal that publishes faculty-written papers from throughout the world online. When the plagiarism is discovered, an infringement claim is brought. Cynthia is guilty of

Multiple Choice

• vicarious infringement.
• nothing because Stephanie, not Cynthia, infringed on the author's/publisher's copyright.
• indirect, or contributory, infringement.
• nothing because once a work is published online, the fair use doctrine permits unlimited use of the work without attribution.