d. An article in The Economist from December 1 1, 2021 titled \"Monetary policy (1): Is China easing?\" ends its rst paragraph with the sentence: \"In central banking, words can speak louder than actions.\" Let's start with actions (not necessarily mentioned in the article): when central bankers tighten monetary policy, the price of what are they ultimately hoping to stabilize? Are they trying to accelerate the rate of change of this price, or slow it down? Which of the component(s) of GDP (C, I, G, and NX) are they likely to affect, and in which direction? [1 line]