Data on the gasoline tax per gallon (in cents) as of a certain date for the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia are shown below.

State	Gasoline Tax per Gallon	State	Gasoline Tax per Gallon
Alabama	18.9	Missouri	17.2
Alaska	9.1	Montana	27.7
Arizona	19.1	Nebraska	27.6
Arkansas	21.9	Nevada	23.7
California	37.1	New Hampshire	23.9
Colorado	23.4	New Jersey	14.7
Connecticut	24.9	New Mexico	18.8
Delaware	23.1	New York	33.7
District of Columbia	23.4	North Carolina	35.2
North Dakota	23.1
Florida	30.7	Ohio	28.1
Georgia	26.6	Oklahoma	17.1
Hawaii	18.6	Oregon	29.9
Idaho	33.1	Pennsylvania	51.3
Illinois	33.0	Rhode Island	34.0
Indiana	29.1	South Carolina	16.7
Iowa	31.9	South Dakota	30.1
Kansas	25.1	Tennessee	21.5
Kentucky	25.9	Texas	20.1
Louisiana	21.0	Utah	30.2
Maine	31.3	Vermont	30.6
Maryland	32.7	Virginia	16.7
Massachusetts	26.8	Washington	44.7
Michigan	31.0	West Virginia	33.1
Minnesota	30.5	Wisconsin	33.0
Mississippi	18.3	Wyoming	24.1

(a)

The smallest value in the data set is 9.1 (Alaska) and the largest value is 51.3 (Pennsylvania). Are these values outliers?

Alaska and Pennsylvania are both outliers.Alaska is an outlier, but Pennsylvania is not. Pennsylvania is an outlier, but Alaska is not.Neither Alaska nor Pennsylvania are outliers.

How do you know if they are outliers?

To be an outlier, an observation has to be greater than or less than .

(b)