Data set 3 contains the United Nations annual study that measures the level of happiness among its member countries. Happiness measurements are based on survey questions such as how people feel about their life (i.e., life ladder), levels of positive and negative emotion, freedom to make choices (Life choices), and aggregate indicators such as social support, life expectancy, and relative household income. These data are converted into numerical scores for each member country. Conduct principal component analysis on all the standardized numerical variables and allow for the maximum number of components. What percent of the total variability is accounted for by the first three principal components?

Country	Life ladder	Social support	Positive emotion	Negative emotion	Life choices	Life expectancy	Household income index
Albania	4.511100769	0.638411462	0.675243735	0.321705997	0.72981894	68.69837952	0.416540354
Argentina	6.427221298	0.882819116	0.841906726	0.311646461	0.847702205	67.44399261	0.332070827
Armenia	4.325471878	0.709218323	0.593600273	0.437227815	0.610986948	65.4094696	0.381563634
Australia	7.250080109	0.942334235	0.790868282	0.236085787	0.922315717	72.52162933	0.520914137
Austria	7.048071861	0.926318586	0.755902588	0.197423846	0.888513982	71.64565277	0.292294294
Azerbaijan	5.303894997	0.777271032	0.597593486	0.191117197	0.712573171	62.04492569	0.288716018
Bahrain	6.169673443	0.862700105	0.787187219	0.283466339	0.888691068	65.96392059	0.482455522
Bangladesh	4.5561409	0.649116933	0.559939086	0.235022455	0.874700487	62.04618835	0.440177441
Belarus	5.177899361	0.926551104	0.553870201	0.182106122	0.658228815	65.76477051	0.316431254
Belgium	6.948936462	0.928964078	0.764590085	0.259653389	0.865759015	71.52167511	0.348629802
Benin	4.007357597	0.492815852	0.608236969	0.455767602	0.779795229	50.76924515	0.464345634
Bolivia	5.769723415	0.795958757	0.783008873	0.376412243	0.881748736	60.04561996	0.430949569
Bosnia and Herzegovina	5.180865288	0.807705104	0.640764356	0.304080278	0.633453727	67.77558136	0.398743331
Botswana	3.498936653	0.768302798	0.68566674	0.251836598	0.851694882	55.19362259	0.658420265
Brazil	6.374817371	0.912455142	0.763112426	0.30208382	0.806571543	64.83092499	0.450316846
Bulgaria	4.837560654	0.92603606	0.62185514	0.171699852	0.700265527	68.2297287	0.353391379
Burkina Faso	4.205634594	0.764401138	0.616066873	0.337300181	0.644681513	51.10700226	0.559157968
Cambodia	4.461259365	0.745901227	0.838551998	0.398200303	0.957821488	58.53693771	0.548649073
Cameroon	4.816232204	0.659299791	0.661523461	0.367093384	0.71250701	48.33827972	0.559192836
Canada	7.244845867	0.924392521	0.824586391	0.237422869	0.912423909	72.2983017	0.606446326
Central African Republic	2.693061113	0.29018417	0.578653812	0.49426806	0.624056518	44.02322006	0.660534203
Chad	4.029350281	0.616204858	0.582458258	0.467566758	0.525222123	45.10814285	0.50333178
Chile	6.579056263	0.841388166	0.869228899	0.283042103	0.652289748	71.83113861	0.48013857
Colombia	6.233715057	0.88190037	0.793531477	0.294222772	0.834966123	64.00605774	0.558657408
Congo (Brazzaville)	4.119493484	0.615449011	0.610304952	0.303666711	0.785906553	53.89886475	0.484639436
Congo (Kinshasa)	4.521935463	0.864154518	0.6462695	0.222411484	0.637366712	50.29008102	0.464596361
Costa Rica	7.135617733	0.900701284	0.87358439	0.281422287	0.872971952	69.66177368	0.503161848
Cyprus	5.794618607	0.786438465	0.742049396	0.336344689	0.756220996	72.64193726	0.398189485
Czech Republic	6.735627174	0.930592895	0.755701959	0.201041639	0.850328267	69.42073059	0.29053387
Denmark	7.55778265	0.954451501	0.836115718	0.207583427	0.948230565	70.91555023	0.50498873
Dominican Republic	5.238698483	0.894753456	0.759945571	0.278095126	0.872712433	63.30880356	0.484080136
Ecuador	6.115437508	0.842352092	0.846354008	0.365246594	0.846336305	67.1619873	0.387520909
Egypt	4.556740761	0.809218585	0.611369669	0.37049821	0.655845225	61.44123077	0.362563461
El Salvador	6.139824867	0.793659985	0.761255682	0.345736474	0.799847007	64.10896301	0.457764566
Estonia	5.649675369	0.937715113	0.72625488	0.176869258	0.842770696	67.37776184	0.343596786
Ethiopia	4.297848701	0.718718708	0.727070868	0.253940523	0.744307697	56.04902267	0.520988226
Finland	7.659843445	0.953940451	0.797325075	0.181998447	0.948372185	71.38269043	0.394821227
France	6.475208759	0.884922922	0.772661328	0.27003625	0.786780477	72.59750366	0.340985149
Gabon	4.831764221	0.780048966	0.640116572	0.432404667	0.698942363	56.11114502	0.55723691
Georgia	4.448386192	0.533412278	0.563896	0.223224476	0.606468379	65.85913849	0.4409917
Germany	6.873763084	0.906029284	0.737745941	0.187254936	0.870515049	70.86317444	0.354512513
Ghana	4.514411449	0.647303164	0.668263912	0.304909706	0.75116837	53.69581985	0.543426812
Greece	5.302619457	0.802605867	0.700504363	0.336207509	0.481616855	71.25013733	0.317848623
Guatemala	6.358916283	0.811235487	0.846122503	0.321357191	0.862675726	62.16745377	0.48915869
Guinea	3.602854729	0.675447047	0.686984658	0.374393791	0.725685179	50.49309921	0.520185173
Haiti	3.352300167	0.58374244	0.552774072	0.367341012	0.303540409	53.20775986	0.613710284
Honduras	5.648154736	0.773909986	0.832396746	0.296846688	0.850046694	63.58609009	0.529477537
Hong Kong S.A.R., China	5.498420715	0.83207792	0.664092779	0.213114589	0.799743414	75.99969482	0.513228953
Hungary	5.448901653	0.899511576	0.66591078	0.24332577	0.55395174	67.30926514	0.301498115
Iceland	7.510034561	0.984940052	0.873887897	0.158169165	0.951609552	72.05354309	0.340639085
India	4.179177284	0.613529384	0.69450444	0.345681459	0.820068777	59.34959793	0.393607318
Indonesia	5.136325359	0.791830599	0.832811952	0.341573596	0.82994163	60.47728348	0.413669288
Iraq	4.412537098	0.718956709	0.488692015	0.569758058	0.666160166	60.85366058	0.548373163
Ireland	7.04073143	0.958144009	0.809203029	0.211063311	0.874589145	71.40406799	0.36578542
Israel	7.159010887	0.889660776	0.629189372	0.263090223	0.772297323	72.3062439	0.306069046
Italy	5.95452404	0.927212834	0.685422838	0.339173585	0.623741627	72.72756195	0.397048205
Ivory Coast	4.542545795	0.617400765	0.70361656	0.378029406	0.768789351	45.35932159	0.550322711
Japan	5.954650879	0.899773836	0.76010859	0.192402646	0.836064637	75.08885193	0.329055846
Jordan	5.27128458	0.819944739	0.640657842	0.311913371	0.771350622	64.30827332	0.369783759
Kazakhstan	5.533551693	0.927810669	0.702479124	0.15541473	0.782805562	65.25882721	0.339127779
Kenya	4.396127701	0.70592159	0.742762327	0.225647658	0.748508275	54.58264542	0.556292892
Kosovo	5.759412289	0.82380271	0.703886986	0.14960672	0.827398598	62.2653923	0.407474339
Kuwait	5.947194576	0.845222056	0.688287258	0.314922988	0.840967178	65.22395325	0.538838744
Kyrgyzstan	4.856534004	0.914375484	0.778171241	0.126099676	0.813939214	62.5934639	0.401855767
Latvia	5.940446377	0.917073965	0.653751254	0.231383532	0.685299277	65.52488708	0.384025455
Lebanon	5.27072382	0.827885926	0.552651107	0.263445616	0.657357454	68.87224579	0.322835147
Lesotho	3.808204889	0.798059285	0.732465565	0.27028349	0.729489863	43.37739563	0.676437318
Liberia	3.354676008	0.642614603	0.635527551	0.509046674	0.763476014	51.54916	0.558121264
Libya	5.43358326	0.87606585	0.71778506	0.383073747	0.822384834	61.29749298	0.480711341
Lithuania	5.865552425	0.937873363	0.594167292	0.249855742	0.614239335	65.05998993	0.355488271
Luxembourg	6.967340946	0.941260576	0.757949769	0.192300707	0.882365346	72.89732361	0.311804265
Madagascar	3.663085938	0.746496975	0.813191354	0.204255417	0.569645405	56.64056778	0.479676157
Malawi	3.476492643	0.524299622	0.603104591	0.32473892	0.809884131	55.28212357	0.525955856
Mali	4.016027927	0.836254537	0.806901336	0.305299431	0.696007371	49.59024429	0.438034266
Malta	6.590842247	0.930369377	0.687271595	0.355443776	0.916023612	71.65420532	0.401275814
Mauritania	4.472149372	0.784826875	0.734556079	0.221666142	0.466561466	53.37380981	0.456840456
Mauritius	5.610003471	0.836032152	0.784898281	0.245711893	0.819175661	65.48225403	0.386705786
Mexico	6.824172974	0.893492579	0.859106421	0.219571486	0.751613081	67.96994781	0.432634264
Moldova	5.577784061	0.83732146	0.621101141	0.274551123	0.557369471	63.90820694	0.37286514
Mongolia	5.056999683	0.947489381	0.694095433	0.171171755	0.759740949	62.92665482	0.386413842
Montenegro	5.304066181	0.865743697	0.59142518	0.336675465	0.568633676	66.52256012	0.356859386
Morocco	5.38630724	0.655409336	0.712659359	0.205413148	0.816556096	64.11890411	0.528209746
Myanmar	4.623119831	0.793461978	0.804009914	0.301501393	0.877491176	57.22917938	0.426540643
Nepal	5.099539757	0.837043643	0.627351165	0.369661748	0.839488447	61.05636597	0.483672142
Netherlands	7.540877342	0.925944209	0.838432372	0.214850739	0.907310009	71.26724243	0.417054057
New Zealand	7.225687981	0.93660289	0.832944691	0.207413629	0.926576018	71.47316742	0.419764876
Nicaragua	6.012739658	0.852702439	0.805123985	0.380347282	0.716534257	66.10491943	0.416087627
Niger	4.234645844	0.682828248	0.674858928	0.325441957	0.701927304	53.15184021	0.474756449
Nigeria	5.219567776	0.804766953	0.731986105	0.2518363	0.797690511	45.47058487	0.500532091
Norway	7.596331596	0.959742844	0.849625945	0.209262192	0.954352319	70.78459167	0.349659204
Pakistan	5.548508167	0.626921296	0.647639751	0.33161667	0.634182811	57.39804459	0.323328614
Palestinian Territories	4.906618118	0.817770958	0.592769146	0.377641797	0.607669413	62.9549942	0.420557737
Panama	6.117638111	0.882460237	0.857623577	0.244131789	0.884479761	67.82401276	0.534175694
Paraguay	5.801380157	0.93986696	0.924560964	0.197176188	0.853534281	63.41120911	0.476457238
Peru	5.700628757	0.802856445	0.821674764	0.338006854	0.829843879	65.26748657	0.480143815
Philippines	5.430832863	0.821298718	0.820969462	0.290232718	0.907595754	59.59458923	0.533455908
Poland	6.162076473	0.91739881	0.77662462	0.223536044	0.870707512	67.66214752	0.312157542
Portugal	5.446637154	0.90463537	0.683566213	0.326252729	0.83806932	70.75627899	0.45052737
Romania	5.96887064	0.809229195	0.694415331	0.257763505	0.8217206	66.94844818	0.372027576
Russia	5.85494566	0.910927355	0.636298656	0.142497227	0.713606298	62.20749664	0.365685463
Rwanda	3.332989931	0.665130913	0.752310693	0.285384238	0.910736382	55.09080887	0.602567494
Saudi Arabia	6.473921299	0.889932334	0.792998552	0.266292661	0.774267733	63.8508606	0.582817852
Senegal	4.59453392	0.838994384	0.783817947	0.244851768	0.743729651	57.88771057	0.422206491
Serbia	5.752754688	0.894894958	0.534827054	0.298126608	0.614370823	66.06748199	0.349061996
Sierra Leone	4.732953072	0.656723499	0.583939135	0.456180692	0.681202114	44.01073456	0.674809217
Singapore	6.033480644	0.925128222	0.823988736	0.110942468	0.903735638	76.40869904	0.428276867
Slovakia	5.993163109	0.945179105	0.774416089	0.232091576	0.700098515	68.16325378	0.282240212
Slovenia	5.936821461	0.934487343	0.626205564	0.271624178	0.903551102	70.80030823	0.360811561
Somalia	4.667941093	0.594416559	0.891423166	0.193282232	0.917322814	47.56276321	0.491746068
South Africa	4.769739628	0.875389755	0.785723627	0.301327765	0.774136424	50.19886398	0.568359911
South Korea	5.970564365	0.811163485	0.676223397	0.232732683	0.590956032	74.85412598	0.388548255
South Sudan	2.888112307	0.532151818	0.614770651	0.549256921	0.439919025	49.40060043	0.740203083
Spain	6.318612099	0.941736817	0.652816117	0.300829351	0.768173754	73.95972443	0.384632498
Sweden	7.368744373	0.912060678	0.815695107	0.200606912	0.918036401	71.96144867	0.425117075
Switzerland	7.458519936	0.927628279	0.779470801	0.206316724	0.933947086	72.95709991	0.510792732
Taiwan Province of China	6.512850761	0.894989252	0.83315289	0.108305417	0.718925178	70.98000336	0.396370918
Tajikistan	5.103721142	0.856656969	0.644484639	0.219799668	0.703026891	61.75904465	0.336324602
Tanzania	2.90273428	0.63775593	0.693552375	0.245985955	0.77548492	56.47374725	0.607147813
Thailand	6.07363987	0.907543659	0.834758341	0.217879668	0.924145699	65.79955292	0.475905448
Togo	3.878578424	0.509440958	0.604244173	0.482885897	0.730286777	52.32989883	0.499219447
Tunisia	4.521453381	0.701822102	0.612341106	0.378108263	0.614438355	64.56181335	0.388674706
Turkey	5.326221943	0.879994631	0.465150654	0.389962941	0.64414674	65.59723663	0.337579966
Turkmenistan	5.887051582	0.929032266	0.636388659	0.255499244	0.7485044	58.56221008	0.223470286
Uganda	4.233261108	0.753540218	0.667976141	0.410066664	0.739409745	51.46192932	0.655537009
Ukraine	4.028690338	0.884961367	0.588721693	0.219624251	0.5025419	63.21360397	0.385915518
United Arab Emirates	6.83095026	0.849379838	0.775128484	0.244667903	0.949119508	68.51036072	0.531380653
United Kingdom	6.8242836	0.954068184	0.775853157	0.22958678	0.821192145	71.13896179	0.382931799
United States	6.803599834	0.896751285	0.80567354	0.264203817	0.757893085	70.12535095	0.69331491
Uruguay	6.171485424	0.900380909	0.84154886	0.283180267	0.886371911	68.25261688	0.428162873
Uzbekistan	5.892539024	0.945102155	0.841676295	0.146897659	0.983803034	60.62257385	0.564408362
Venezuela	4.041114807	0.901949286	0.688201249	0.391754121	0.457601577	64.74925995	0.397182971
Vietnam	5.062267303	0.876323581	0.536225736	0.222550198	0.894351125	65.94213867	0.436877966
Yemen	3.825630903	0.775407016	0.469345391	0.227924526	0.532964051	54.24263	0.411020756
Zambia	4.347543716	0.76704663	0.730679512	0.372240722	0.811574519	52.88932419	0.68139255
Zimbabwe	3.7354002	0.768425405	0.737635911	0.208554924	0.732971489	51.72790909	0.596690178