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TITLE: DESIGN OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL PROCCES

Aim:

Design of Propylene Glycol process using Aspen HYSYS

Theory:

Utilizing modern process modeling software, the manufacture of propylene glycol chemical from the hydrolysis of propylene oxide in the absence of an acid catalyst in a non-isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor is demonstrated. Continuity equation over the reactor was utilized to build the steady state modelling techniques employed in getting reactor characteristics including such volume, length, diameter, space time, and space velocity. The impact of temperature was also taken into consideration utilizing the energy balance theory applied to the reactor. By matching anticipated outcomes with CSTR literature data for propylene glycol synthesis, the correctness of the design parameters was determined. Designing a controller, applying it to the system, and then seeing the system in action is the greatest approach to understand about systems. Continuous stirred tank reactor system is an instance of a technology that employs conceptual framework (CSTR). Most academic process control laboratories have it, and its utilized to illustrate and educate control system design. It is frequently connected to real-world control issues, such as chemical plants, antidote preparation in healthcare, and food manufacturing. As shown in Figure 1, the system comprises of two containers. The intensity of dual chemical reactors' output flow will be pushed to adopt a certain reply. It is presumed that the overflow tanks are well-mixed isothermal reactors, and in both storage tank the density is the equivalent. The volumes in the two containers may be assumed to be stable, and all flows are steady and comparable, thanks to the assumptions for the overflow containers. The intake flow is assumed to be steady.

Propylene (propene) is the second highest significant feedstock utilized in the synthesis of organic compounds after ethylene. It's often referred to as "the crown prince of petrochemicals." Propylene, as an olefin, is a reactive chemical that reacts with a wide range of compounds, making it an appealing feedstock. Its main application is in the manufacturing of polypropylene, an extensively utilized polymer across the world. Furthermore, propylene is also employed in acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, propylene glycol, and a variety of other products.

Procedure:

1. Start a new case and add the components and fluid package: Water, Propylene Oxide (C₃H₆O) and Propylene Glycol (C₃H₈O₂) and UNIQUAC. Enter the simulation environment.
2. To create new reaction >> Select reaction >> Add reaction >> Select kinetic >> Add reaction >> Double click in kinetic reaction >> show the chemicals include in the reaction as the chemical reaction formula:

Insert stoichiometric coefficient for Water and Propylene Oxide as -1 and for Propylene Glycol as +1. In the Forward reactioncolumn enter +1 for Water and Propylene Oxide and 0 for Propylene Glycol. In the Reverse reaction column enter 0 in all components. Change basis as Partial pressure, Base Component as Propylene Oxide, Reaction phase as Combined Liquid, Forward reaction values: A = 1.65e+13 and E = 32000 KJ/kgmole, then press to Balance, green line will appear with Ok massage. Then close the window and press to Add to FP >> press to Add, the reaction data will be connect directly to the properties of the selected fluid package and it will show ready massage which means we can proceed the simulation.

3. In simulation environment, Insert two material stream from the palette and I put the data inside each stream as the following information:

Stream1: Name: Prop-oxide, Temperature: 82 F, Pressure: 1.5 atm, Flowrate: 150 Ibmole/hr, Composition (mole fraction): water =0, Propylene Oxide =1 and Propylene Glycol = 0.

Stream2: Name: Water, Temperature: 72 F, Pressure: 15 psia, Flowrate: 12500 Ib/hr, Composition

(mole fraction): water =1, Propylene Oxide =0 and Propylene Glycol = 0.

Both streams will be solve and ready to mix.

4. Press F12 and insert Mixer. Then double click on Mixer and connect the two stream as inlets (Propoxide and Water) and outlet name it as Mixed Feed.
5. Insert CSTR by pressing F12 from categories>> Reactors >> select Cont. Stirred Tank Reactor >> Add it will be add directly to simulation environment , then double click to CSTR and connect the streams inside it, Mixed Feed as inlet and Vapor outlet (CSTR Vent ), Liquid outlet (CSTR product ) as two outlet streams and create energy stream name it as Coolant.
6. From CSTR window select Reaction >> Reaction set >> Set 1. Then go to dynamics and put the vessel volume as 250 ft³, liquid volume percent as 80 %. Go to Design >> Parameters and enter Duty 100 kJ/hr

Discussion:

Various results were found for each element in this research, including propylene oxide, water feed, mixed feed, CSTR vent, and CSTR product. With the exception of CSTR vent, which has a quantity of (1), the vapor fraction for other elements is (0).

For each component the values for propylene oxide various results were obtained for temperature, pressure, molar flow, mass flow, liquid volume flow, and heat flow as follows:

• Lab manual data:

Temperature is 27.78C, pressure is 152kpa, and molar flow is 68.04kgmole/hr., mass flow is 3952kg/hr, liquid volume flow is 4.730m3/h, and heat flow is -8.202ex006kJ/h..

• Exercise data:

Temperature is 28.89C, pressure is 131.7kpa, and molar flow is 70.76kgmole/hr., mass flow is 4110 kg/hr, liquid volume flow is 4.920 m3/h, and heat flow is -8.521e+006 kJ/h.

Conclusion:

In brief, the goal of this research work is to utilize ASPEN HYSYS to develop a propylene of glycol mechanism. To sample process variables to obtain a certain output, "CSTR" is used, and it refers to an ideal moving reactor tank In chemical engineering industry. The objectives of this experiment were to get values for (vapor fraction, temperature, pressure, molar flow, mass flow, liquid volume flow, and heat flow) for each of the components (propylene oxide, water feed, mixed feed, CSTR vent and CSTR product). When employing a continuous agitated-tank reactor to achieve a specific outcome, a CSTR is a model utilized to calculate the critical unit operation variables. All liquids, including liquids, gases, and slurries, are covered by the mathemtical formula.