Dell," said Sabrina, production manager, "You were an hour late to work today, the third time in six weeks. I counseled you about this problem the previous two times. With this third infraction, I am putting you on official performance probation, effective immediately. Please read this memo from me to you, with a copy to Human Resources, outlining my expectations of you regarding punctuality, and the outcomes if you are able to meet these expectations or not." The memo is an example of communication. horizontal perceptive formal filtered upward