Describe the types of manufacturing environments that would best be suited for $(1)$ job$-$order costing and $(2)$ process costing. Include two examples of manufacturers that would likely use job$-$cost systems $[$B$1]$

Describe how job$-$order costing concepts are used in professional service firms, such as law practices, hospitals, and governmental agencies. $[$A$1]$

Briefly describe the stages used in the two$-$stage allocation process for assigning overhead costs. $[$B$2]$

Discuss the reason for $(1)$ allocating overhead to the cost of production jobs, and $(2)$ applying overhe using a predetermined rate instead of an actual overhead rate. $[$B$3][$B$4]$

On the Topic $1$ assessment, I asked you whether the methods companies use to align shareholder and employee goals are generally effective. Read the following opinion piece, Boeing is a wake$-$up call, write about the following.

a$.$ Has your opinion on the matter changed given the information presented in the article? Tell about your old opinion and, if different, your current opinion. Provide evidence, either from article or another source, to support your opinion. $[$A$2]$

b$.$ Do you think it is possible to both maximize profits$/$share prices and ensure that the compan a "sustainable, long$-$term business"? Provide evidence to support your opinion. $[$A$3]$

Bowers Industries' beginning and ending inventories for the month of September are:

Direct materials

Work$-$in$-$process

Finished Goods

September $1$

$$67,000$

$145,000$

$85,000$

September $30$

$$62,000$

$171,000$

$78,000$

Production data for the month of September are:

Direct labor

Actual overhead

Direct materials purchased

Transportation in

$$200,000$

$132,000$

$163,000$

Purchase returns and allowances

$4,000$

$2,000$

Bowers uses one overhead control account and charges overhead to production at $70\%$ of direct cost. The company does not formally recognize over$/$underapplied overhead until year$-$end.

Required:

a$.$ What are the company's prime costs for September? $[$B$5]$

b$.$ What are the company's total manufacturing costs for September? $[$B$6]$

c$.$ What is the amount of costs of goods transferred to finished goods inventory for Septen

d$.$ What is the amount of cost of goods sold for September? $[$B$8]$