Describe your viewpoints around the necessity for/pitfalls of Canada's use of AI in visa processing and immigration after reading the passage below.

 

While the IRCC claims that the use of AI in visa processing will make the process faster and wait times shorter, human rights advocates are worried thattheincreasinguse of automated decision-making Artificial Intelligence tools in immigration may threaten basic human rights.

Imagine applying to the Canadian government for a visa, permission to immigrate, or become a refugee, and being turned down. Then you learn that you were rejected by a machine - and that no human being ever read your application.

Currently, Canada uses automated decision-making systems to divide applications into simple cases and complex cases. Human officials review the complex cases and make the decision themselves.

Canada will soon expand the use of these systems to make decisions in some complex cases. This may lead to decisions about immigration or visa applications that discriminate against migrants, residents without citizenship status and other vulnerable people.Immigration lawyersand others are very concerned about this.

Why Artificial Intelligence does not make neutral immigration decisions?

Anew University of Toronto studyraises concerns about the effect of this new policy on human rights. The report's authors are very concerned about using algorithms to make these decisions.

Petra Molnar, a co-author, says that 'algorithms are by no means neutral. It's a set of instructions based on previous data analyses that you use to teach the machine to make a decision. (The machine) doesn't think or understand the decision it makes."

Artificial Intelligence's immigration decisions could harm applicants' human rights.

AI decision-makers rely on stereotypical factors - such as appearance, religion or travel patterns - and may often ignore more relevant data when making decisions. This imbeds bias into the automated decision-maker.

Migrants, residents without citizenship status and other vulnerable people may have their fates decided without a human official ever seeing their case. They probably won't be able to appeal the AI's decision as they have little access to legal assistance to protect their rights to privacy, due process, and freedom from discrimination.