DESCRIPTIVE NORM SALIENCE (CIALDINI ET AL., 1990) IIV I: perceived descriptive norm: clean vs. littered parking lot IIV 2: salience of the descriptive norm High norm salience: confederate takes flyer off car and litters in front of participant Low norm salience: confederate walks through the parking lot Predictions: More littering will occur in the littered environment (main effect) High norm salience will exaggerate difference in behavior between clean vs. littered condition (interaction effect)