Design a database for the following library case study described below. Identify all the important concepts: 

a) Draw an EER diagram of the library database. i) Identify the abstractions of classification (entity types and relationship types),

aggregation, identification, and specialization/generalization. ii)Specify (min, max) cardinality constraints whenever possible.

b) List details that will affect the eventual design but that have no bearing on the conceptual design.

c) List the semantic constraints.

Case Study: The Georgia Tech Library (GTL) has approximately 16,000 members, 100,000 titles, and 250,000 volumes (an average of 2.5 copies per book). About 10% of the volumes are out on loan at any one time. The librarians ensure that the books that members want to borrow are available when the members want to borrow them. Also, the librarians must know how many copies of each book are in the library or out on loan at any given time. 

A catalog of books is available online that lists books by author, title, and subject area. For each title in the library, a book description is kept in the catalog; the description ranges from one sentence to several pages. The reference librarians want to be able to access this description when members request information about a book. Library staff includes chief librarian, departmental associate librarians, reference librarians, check-out staff, and library assistants. 

Books can be checked out for 21 days. Members are allowed to have only five books out at a time. Members usually return books within three to four weeks. Most members know that they have one week of grace before a notice is sent to them, so they try to return books before the grace period ends. About 5% of the members have to be sent reminders to return books. Most overdue books are returned within a month of the due date. Approximately 5% of the overdue books are either kept or never returned. The most active members of the library are defined as those who borrow books at least ten times during the year. The top 1% of membership does 15% of the borrowing, and the top 10% of the membership does 40% of the borrowing. About 20% of the members are totally inactive in that they are members 

who never borrow. 

To become a member of the library, applicants fill out a form including their SSN, campus and home mailing addresses, and phone numbers. The librarians issue a numbered, machine-readable card with the members photo on it. This card is good for four years. A month before a card expires, a notice is sent to a member for renewal. Professors at the institute are considered automatic members. When a new faculty member joins the institute, his or her information is pulled from the employee records and a library card is mailed to his or her campus address. Professors are allowed to check out books for three-month intervals and have a two-week grace period. Renewal notices to professors are sent to their campus address. 

The library does not lend some books, such as reference books, rare books, and maps. The librarians must differentiate between books that can be lent and those that cannot be lent. In addition, the librarians have a list of some books they are interested in acquiring but cannot obtain, such as rare or out-of-print books and books that were lost or destroyed but have not been replaced. The librarians must have a system that keeps track of books that cannot be lent as well as books that they are interested in acquiring. Some books may have the same title; therefore, the title cannot be used as a means of identification. Every book is identified by its International Standard Book Number (ISBN), a unique international code assigned to all books. Two books with the same title can have different ISBNs if they are in different languages or have different bindings (hardcover or softcover). Editions of the same book have different ISBNs. The proposed database system must be designed to keep track of the members, the books, the catalog, and the borrowing activity. 

Design a database for the following library case study described below . Identify all the important concepts: a) Draw an EER diagram of the library database. i) Identify the abstractions of classification (entity types and relationship types), aggregation, identification, and specialization/generalization. ii) Specify (min, max) cardinality constraints whenever possible. b) List details that will affect the eventual design but that have no bearing on the conceptual design. c) List the semantic constraints. Case Study: The Georgia Tech Library (GTL) has approximately 16,000 members, 100,000 titles, and 250,000 volumes (an average of 2.5 copies per book). About 10% of the volumes are out on loan at any one time. The librarians ensure that the books that members want to borrow are available when the members want to borrow them. Also, the librarians must know how many copies of each book are in the library or out on loan at any given time. A catalog of books is available online that lists books by author, title, and subject area. For each title in the library, a book description is kept in the catalog; the description ranges from one sentence to several pages. The reference librarians want to be able to access this description when members request information about a book. Library staff includes chief librarian, departmental associate librarians, reference librarians, check-out staff, and library assistants. Books can be checked out for 21 days. Members are allowed to have only five books out at a time. Members usually return books within three to four weeks. Most members know that they have one week of grace before a notice is sent to them, so they try to return books before the grace period ends. About 5% of the members have to be sent reminders to return books. Most overdue books are returned within a month of the due date. Approximately 5% of the overdue books are either kept or never returned. The most active members of the library are defined as those who borrow books at least ten times during the year. The top 10 of membership does 15 of the borrowing, and the top 10% of the membership does 40% of the borrowing. About 20% of the members are totally inactive in that they are members who never borrow. To become a member of the library, applicants fill out a form including their ssN, campus and home mailing addresses, and phone numbers. The librarians issue a numbered, machine-readable card with the member's photo on it. This card is good for four years. A month before a card expires, a notice is sent to a member for renewal. Professors at the institute are considered automatic members. When a new faculty member joins the institute, his or her information is pulled from the employee records and a library card is mailed to his or her campus address. Professors are allowed to check out books for three-month intervals and have a two-week grace period. Renewal notices to professors are sent to their campus address. The library does not lend some books, such as reference books, rare books, and maps. The librarians must differentiate between books that can be lent and those that cannot be lent. In addition, the librarians have a list of some books they are interested in acquiring but cannot obtain, such as rare or out-of-print books and books that were lost or destroyed but have not been replaced. The librarians must have a system that keeps track of books that cannot be lent as well as books that they are interested in acquiring. Some books may have the same title; therefore, the title cannot be used as a means of identification. Every book is identified by its International Standard Book Number (ISBN), a unique international code assigned to all books. Two books with the same title can have different IsBNs if they are in different languages or have different bindings (hardcover or softcover). Editions of the same book have different ISBNs. The proposed database system must be designed to keep track of the members, the books, the catalog, and the borrowing activity