Despite its low gross domestic product (GDP), Cuba is the only vaccine manufacturer in Latin America, while there are none in Africa. Cuba's Finlay Vaccine Institute has produced two Covid-19 vaccines. One hundred million doses of Sovereign II are being prepared, enough to immunize all 11 million Cubans. The 70 million remaining doses will go to Vietnam, Iran, Pakistan, India, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Nicaragua.

What and which 'market characteristics' enable Cuba to produce its own vaccine?