Despite the benefits of true experiments, they are not used very often in criminal justice research due to ethical, agency, and administrative barriers. Even when true experiments are able to be conducted in criminal justice settings, various difficulties may arise. In one true experiment conducted in a criminal justice setting, a group of researchers collaborated with law enforcement officials and judges in a particular county and discussed the potential benefits of court-mandated counseling for offenders found guilty of misdemeanor domestic violence. They decided to design a study that would test the effectiveness of counseling on domestic violence recidivism rates. The experiment was designed such that all men found guilty of misdemeanor domestic violence in the county during a five month period (and meeting other particular criteria) would be place into either a(n) _______, involving one year of probation supervision and six months of court-mandated counseling, or a(n) _______ involving only one year of probation supervision. Several of the offenders in the probation supervision only condition displayed the experimental problem of ______ upon realizing they were not getting the counseling that offenders in the other condition were receiving, and they reacted in a negative way.