Details of the task CASE STUDY 1 Solution to Food Wastage "Upcycling promises to turn food waste into your next meal Globally, more than one-third of all current food production will be lost or wasted somewhere between the farm or ranch and the consumer's garbage can. Food 'losses' may be due to improper handling or storage conditions on the farm or in the food distribution process, whereas food 'waste' often results from limited shelf life or consumers not making use of perishable products before they spoil in the fridge. From an economics standpoint, finding market outlets for otherwise wasted products makes sense, and the food industry recognises that fact.\" The Conversation, June 22, 2021 GrubHeven Corporation is a listed food processing company that specialises in the manufacturing of various food products, and markets many well-known brands. The company is committed to sustainability and a better future for coming generations. The company learned that hundreds of millions of pounds of agricultural produce stayed in fields to rot because the produce was too unattractive for supermarket sale. GrubHeven decided to create a product that could help avoid that waste. The company is appraising the feasibility of investing in a new production line that converts fruits into flour, which can be added to drinks, baked goods and other products. This also helps increase incomes of farmers. The following information involves required investment, projected revenues and expenses, and other information for this project. a Core machinery assets and production facilities would have to be acquired and installed. These assets are estimated to cost $120 million, including installation cost. These would have to be fully paid before commencement of production. The proposed production facility will need to re-claim an entire lower floor of the factory building, which is currently being leased out to a dairy product processor, at a monthly rental of $200 000. The newly acquired assets are expected to have a 10-years useful life, till the next technological disruption. There is no scrap value at the end of asset's life. Depreciation on the new assets will be at cost over 10 years using straight line method. Annual sales in pounds over the next 8 years are projected to be as follows: Annual sales ('million kilograms) 25 28 Production would require increase of working capital of $4 million to finance operations such as inventory purchases. Current liabilities will also be expected to increase by $1.5 million. This net working capital will be released at the end of the asset's life. Each kilogram of flour would sell for $2. g Monthly fixed expenses (excluding depreciation) is projected at $1.5 million. Included in fixed expenses are administration, sales and marketing expenses. Variable costs of production would be $0.20 per kilogram. h GrubHeven's board of directors has specified a required rate of return of 12% on this investment. I GrubHeven pays a corporate tax rate of 18%. Capital gain on asset disposal is charged at corporate tax rate. Case Study 2 Budgeting Ahead On Jan 1, 2021, GrubHeven is attempting to budget cash flows through Mar 31, 2021. On this latter date, an unsecured note will be payable in the amount of $4 million, at 3% per annum. This amount was borrowed on Sep 30, 2020 to carry the company through the seasonal peak in Oct through Dec 2020. Cash Interest payment are settled monthly. The company only transact on credit sales. A discount of 5% is given to all customers who pay within one month. 30% of the accounts receivable will be received in the month of sale. 50% will be collected in the following month, and 20% will be received 2 months after sale. There is a 5% provision for bad debt for accounts receivable owing 2 months after sale. Projected and Actual Sales are: Projected Sales (5) Actual Sales (5) October 4 900 000 October 5 500 000 November 5 000 000 November 5 600 000 December 5 000 000 December 5 800 000 January 4 900 000 January - February 5 400 000 February _ 5 500 000 March 5 100 000 April _ Purchases are made on basis of 60% of the following month's projected sales. Half of the purchases are paid for in the month of purchase, and a 5% prompt settlement discount is received. The remainder is paid in full the following month. Total budgeted fixed operating expenses for the year are $12 million. Fixed costs are accrued evenly through the year. The operating variable costs is determined to be 15% of that month's projected sales. Both fixed and variable operating expenses are paid in the month incurred. Opening cash balance as at 1 Jan 2021 is $4 500 000. Requirements