Determine the intrinsic value of assets utilizing the asset valuation models.

2. Rates of Return
   2. Analyze the assets' historical risk and rates of return, utilizing a comparison of the assets' rates of return to similar securities or benchmarks for support.
   4. Calculate required rates of return, utilizing various asset valuation models (e.g., stock valuation models, bond valuation models, real estate valuation models, etc.).
3. 
   
   1. For these 5 companies answer these questions 
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      • Apple, Inc. (AAPL)
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      • Caterpillar (CAT)
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      • Consolidated Edison (ED)
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      • Northern Trust (NTRS)
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      • Macy's (M)
   2.