Determine whether each of the following passages contains an argument. If it does, diagram the argument.

1. To a plant, breathing involves a built-in cost-benefit analysis. The wider the gas- exchanging pores on the leaf surface are open, the greater the supply of carbon di- oxide for photosynthesis. But wide-open pores also allow evaporation of water, so the plant must balance the benefits of increased carbon dioxide against the cost of water loss. [ J. A. Miller, Plant Sight from Pores and Pumps, Science News, November 30, 1985]
2. A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines. With consistency a great soul has simply nothing to do. He may as well concern himself with his shadow on the wall. Speak what you think now in hard words and to-morrow speak what tomorrow thinks in hard words again, though it contradict every thing you said to-day. [Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance]
3. This month is the 600th anniversary of the famous Boars Head Dinner at Queens College, Oxford. It was around this time of year in 1395 that a student wandering in Shotover Forest was attacked by a wild boar. He managed to strangle the beast with the volume of Aristotle he had been reading, and it was brought back to the college with the book still in its mouth. In commemoration, Queens College has held a Boars Head dinner in November ever since. By tradition, the boar is always served with something in its mouth, like a lemon or an apple (but not a book). [Associated Press, November 1995]

There are good reasons to believe that polyphony existed in Europe long before it was first unmistakably described. It was probably used chiefly in nonliturgical sacred music; it may have been employed also in folk music, and probably consisted of melodic doubling at the third, fourth, or fifth. [Donald Jay Grout, A History of Western Music]