Dietizza is a fast$-$food network that makes low$-$calorie pizzas. As the firm wishes to expand its operations in different locations, it has licensed a few entrepreneurs to open Dietizza outlets under the company's trademark. The entrepreneurs will take up the responsibility of costs, while Dietizza will assist them in running operations. The company will receive royalty payments and a percentage of profits from the entrepreneurs. Which of the following concepts is illustrated here?

a$.$

Strategic alliance

b$.$

Exporting

c$.$

Wholly owned subsidiary

d$.$

Franchising

e$.$

Joint venture