• Differences in corporate income tax and withholding tax regimes across countries.
• How overlapping tax jurisdictions cause double taxation
• Tax incentives provided by countries to attract foreign direct investment and stimulate exports.
• Multinational corporations typically operate overseas through foreign subsidiaries that are mostly taxed as independent corporate entities. How does this separate entity system give multinationals incentives to shift reported profits to their affiliates in low-tax jurisdictions by underpricing sales to them and overpricing purchases from them?