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Dinosaurs beware: An asteroid of mass M infinitely far away has a known non-zero initial velocity that is not initially directed toward the center of
Dinosaurs beware: An asteroid of mass M infinitely far away has a known non-zero initial velocity that is not initially directed toward the center of a planet but instead in a direction such that if it proceeded in a straight line it would miss the center of the planet by a distance b. This would be called its impact parameter. From this, find the "distance of closest approach" the asteroid will ever get to the planet; if this distance is less than the radius of the planet a collision will occur
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