. Discouraged workers and involuntary part-time workers

Simply counting the number of unemployed workers will not necessarily give the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) the most accurate indication of the extent of underemployment in the economy. Some part-time workers will be counted as employed even if they'd like to work full-time. Furthermore, some jobless workers will not qualify as unemployed because they have given up on their job search, frustrated with their inability to find work. Fortunately, the BLS can use the information provided in the household survey to classify workers in ways that account for these types of underemployment.

The BLS classifies those who work part-time because they cannot find full-time employment as involuntary part-time workers. The BLS classifies as discouraged workersthose who want and are available for work but have not searched for employment during the previous four weeks because they believe their job search is currently futile. By keeping track of discouraged and involuntary part-time workers, the BLS gets a clearer picture of underemployment than if it looked only at the number of unemployed workers.

Which of the following statements correctly describe discouraged workers?Check all that apply.

They are available for work.

They are part-time workers who want to work full-time.

They are notin the labor force.

They are employed workers who want to earn higher wages.

Consider a hypothetical economy in which the labor force consists of 200 people. Of those, 180 people are employed full-time and 20 people are unemployed. The economy follows the same conventions as the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in computing its employment figures. Therefore, initially the unemployment rate is calculated as follows:

UnemploymentRateUnemploymentRate	==	NumberofUnemployedPeopleNumberofPeopleintheLaborForce100NumberofUnemployedPeopleNumberofPeopleintheLaborForce100
	==	2020010020200100
	==	10%10%

Suppose a reduction in foreign demand for this economy's products causes an economic recessiona prolonged period of declining output. The following table offers two possible scenarios resulting from the recession.

Calculate the unemployment rate associated with each scenario in the following table. Assume that each scenario describes the only labor market changes in this economy.

Scenario	Unemployment Rate
A:Firms reduce work hours by 10%. The number of involuntary part-time workers rises as firms respond to the reduction in the demand for their products by reducing the hours of each employed person from 40 to 36 hours per week.
B:Firms reduce employment by 10%. The number of unemployed workers rises as firms respond to the reduction in the demand for their products by laying off 18 previously employed workers.

True or False: The unemployment rate for scenario A in the previous table understates the true extent of underemployment in the economy because the BLS counts part-time workers as employed.

True

False