1. Discuss the impact of physical design elements on crime prevention (refer to p. 85, table 4.6). Also, discuss why we might also need to go beyond simple physical designs and incorporate social factors and activities in crime prevention initiatives.

2.Choose any three of the following physical design elements and discuss the empirical findings of their effect on crime and fear of crime: Street lighting, operation identification, CCTV, alarms, target hardening - locks, doors, windows, etc., street layout, and/or alley gating.