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Discuss the notion that in non-experimental research designs, despite a strong association or correlation, causality cannot be assumed. Address the conclusions made by professor Gruber

Discuss the notion that in non-experimental research designs, despite a strong association or correlation, causality cannot be assumed. Address the conclusions made by professor Gruber in his paper, "Pay or Pray? The Impact of Charitable Subsidies on Religious Attendance."

http://aaronbaggett.com/files/Gruber_2004.pdf

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