Discussion

Identify how the authors explained (in the discussion or showed in the data) Hill's criteria for causality.

1. Consistency of results (1 point)

2. Biological plausibility (1 point)

3. Temporal relation (1 point)

The investigators mentioned limitations that may have influenced the results of the study.

4. How might "recall bias" influenced the results of the study? (1 point)

Summary

5. What did the investigators conclude about outdoor air pollution as a past risk factor for CVD? (1 point)

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