Distance	Elevation	LandUse	Flooding	Cadmium	LogCadmium
400	8.7	Crops	1	1.3	0.114
630	9.0	Crops	1	1.5	0.176
150	8.5	Pasture	2	2.4	0.380
100	7.9	Crops	1	4.2	0.623
480	8.2	Crops	1	1.7	0.230
20	7.4	Pasture	1	7.3	0.863
130	6.5	Crops	1	3.5	0.544
400	9.0	FruitTrees	1	1.4	0.146
290	7.8	FruitTrees	3	0.8	-0.097
860	9.0	Crops	2	0.8	-0.097
150	8.1	Pasture	3	0.8	-0.097
150	7.8	Crops	1	6.5	0.813
200	6.4	Crops	1	4.3	0.633
630	7.7	Crops	2	0.4	-0.398
410	9.5	Pasture	2	1.2	0.079
10	7.0	Pasture	1	8.7	0.940
20	6.9	Pasture	1	14.1	1.149
10	7.4	FruitTrees	1	8.3	0.919
260	8.7	Pasture	1	1.7	0.230
360	6.9	Crops	1	2.7	0.431
70	8.5	Crops	2	0.2	-0.699
140	9.0	Crops	1	2.8	0.447
20	7.3	Pasture	1	11.2	1.049
550	9.6	Crops	2	0.2	-0.699
260	6.3	Crops	1	3.1	0.491
440	9.0	Crops	1	1.7	0.230
430	8.7	Crops	3	1.5	0.176
160	7.9	Crops	2	1.8	0.255
450	9.8	Crops	2	0.2	-0.699
520	8.6	Crops	3	3.1	0.491
200	6.3	Pasture	1	3.9	0.591
350	8.4	Crops	3	2.1	0.322
560	7.6	FruitTrees	1	0.7	-0.155
20	7.6	Pasture	1	8.2	0.914
190	9.5	Crops	2	0.2	-0.699
200	7.8	FruitTrees	1	2.6	0.415
290	9.2	Crops	3	0.2	-0.699
320	6.6	Pasture	1	3.9	0.591
10	7.2	Crops	1	6.8	0.833
80	5.7	Pasture	1	6.3	0.799
120	7.7	Crops	3	3.1	0.491
760	9.9	Crops	2	0.4	-0.398
540	10.0	Crops	3	0.8	-0.097
680	9.9	Crops	2	0.2	-0.699
750	9.1	Crops	2	0.2	-0.699
390	8.7	Crops	1	1.3	0.114
680	10.1	Crops	3	0.2	-0.699
100	9.5	Crops	2	0.4	-0.398
80	8.9	Crops	1	5.5	0.740
300	9.1	Crops	1	1.8	0.255
530	9.6	Crops	2	0.2	-0.699
80	7.3	Pasture	3	3.8	0.580
120	7.5	Pasture	3	3.2	0.505
170	7.5	Crops	1	2.4	0.380
340	7.0	Crops	1	3.0	0.477
240	8.7	Crops	1	2.4	0.380
10	7.4	Pasture	1	9.4	0.973
650	9.7	Crops	2	0.2	-0.699
130	8.8	Crops	1	2.5	0.398
710	8.3	Crops	1	1.7	0.230
500	8.8	Pasture	2	0.4	-0.398
10	7.7	Pasture	1	9.5	0.978
310	7.9	Pasture	3	2.0	0.301
490	9.0	Pasture	1	1.4	0.146
320	8.5	Crops	2	0.4	-0.398
10	7.9	Pasture	1	12.0	1.079
270	6.2	Pasture	1	2.9	0.462
500	9.4	FruitTrees	2	0.2	-0.699
1000	9.1	FruitTrees	2	0.2	-0.699
390	9.6	Crops	2	0.2	-0.699

Question 1

The median elevation of sites is

7.90 m

8.25 m

8.45 m

9.03 m

Question 2

What is the shape of the elevation distribution?

Skewed to the right

Symmetric with outliers

Skewed to the left

Symmetric

Question 3

The distribution of cadmium concentration appears to be skewed to the right. The researchers decided to first log-transform these concentration values, to make the distribution more symmetric, giving the variable LogCadmium. What is the mean of this transformed variable for the sites used for growing fruit trees?

-0.0970

-0.0243

0.1100

0.9190

Question 4

The researchers wanted to know if there is a difference in the mean cadmium levels between the different land uses. What are the residual degrees of freedom in the one-way ANOVA to address this question?

2

67

68

69

Question 5

Based on the log-transformed concentration values, what is the total sum of squares for the one-way ANOVA to compare land uses?

4.688

16.896

21.584

32.376

Question 6

Based on the F test for the one-way ANOVA to compare land uses, you can conclude that there is

no evidence to suggest that there is a difference in mean log-transformed cadmium concentration between the different land uses (p > 0.1)

weak evidence to suggest that there is a difference in mean log-transformed cadmium concentration between the different land uses (p < 0.1)

moderate evidence to suggest that there is a difference in mean log-transformed cadmium concentration between the different land uses (p < 0.05)

strong evidence to suggest that there is a difference in mean log-transformed cadmium concentration between the different land uses (p < 0.01)

Question 7

What is the R2 value for this one-way ANOVA model?

0.0472

0.2172

0.2774

0.4660

Question 8

The researchers also wanted to know if there is a difference in the mean log-transformed cadmium levels between the three different flooding frequencies. What are the degrees of freedom for the Flooding factor in the one-way ANOVA to address this question?

1

2

67

69

Question 9

What is the F statistic for the one-way ANOVA model to compare flooding frequencies?

5.37

9.29

22.52

51.72