Dmitry, a system administrator, has just received an e$-$mail from Ivan, the vice president of the sales department. Ivan asks him if it would be possible to pull some data into a cloud$-$based CRM that the sales department started using a few months ago. However, Dmitry was completely unaware that the sales department had started using this technology as they had never requested the IT department's involvement. Which of the following best describes this scenario?

Shadow IT

Advanced Persistent Threats

Shared$-$Services IT

Tiered Service Mode$1$