Does having power always mean you'll actually have influence? Unfortunately, the answer is no. Having power is necessary to have influence, but whether or not the influence actually occurs depends on a variety of factors. In this exercise, you'll learn about these factors (called contingencies of power) that increase or decrease the likelihood that power is translated into influence. First, you'll read about employees at one company whose power was increased because of these factors. Next, you'll answer questions that highlight the fact that power does not have the same effect in all situations. As you answer these questions, think about situations you've experienced where power has had a greater or smaller effect than expected. Managers who learn to recognize these contingencies of power can use them to their own advantage, and to the benefit of their organizations. Power can become influence depending on four contingencies of power. These contingencies are nonsubstitutability, centrality, discretion, and visibility. Social networking also affects power and influence by increasing access to social capital, increasing referent power, and increasing centrality. Read the case and answer the questions that follow. United Parcel Service (UPS) was founded as a messenger company in Seattle, Washington, in 1907. Today, it is the largest package delivery company in the world. In 1997, UPS employed about 185,000 workers and controlled about 80 percent of all vituality eney aector of the becromy delvarien, and waves. ondit Frally, afler 15 dayk, the two sibet reachad an agreemens ups wouls convert nefarred to the po Questinnt: a) vabivey same packages wis unfair. Elminating the use of indrseodent conirpctors wovid harease the workes' powar, based on which coetroperiof? a) diseretion b) visidity c) socal networkng d) nonsibsititution e) cenvialy 2. The worken efectovery shet down Upes during the stike Without the wokers, urs a) cenvalify b) social colmoneng c) visublity d) absorption d) secretion 3. Once the existing encloyment convact expired, UPS management has the frepdon to make decisions on its own. The Teamsters union, in contrast had to get approval from the wokers belore icceuld finalse its choices. This tilustrates a deference in which contingency of power? C) thocition e) ingimicy 9) menutathabile e) centraity relarce on the woxes Dis inerased the of the protion a) nonutestation b) onstraily 6) vabaly d) netiraity e) wity