DOIT Center's Standard and Actual costs per unit are as follows:

Standard cost were:

Direct labour 48,250 hours at $6.50 per hour

Direct Materials 20,000 kilograms at $10 per kilogram

Actual Manufacturing cost were:

Direct labour 50,000 hours at $6.75 per hour

Direct materials 18,900 kilograms at $10.65 per kilogram

Required

a) Direct material cost variance, direct material price variance, and direct material usage variance. (6 marks)

b) Direct labour cost variance, direct labour rate variance and direct labour efficiency variance. ( 6 marks)

c) State whether each variance calculated above is adverse or favourable (3 marks)

d) List any three (3) advantages and any two (2) disadvantages of standard costing.