Donald dies this year, and under his will, a trust is created in the amount of $6 million with the following provisions: life estate to Cindy (Donalds wife) and remainder to their children. His will also passes land (cost basis of $1 million and fair market value of $3 million) to the Salvation Army for the site of a new homeless housing project.

a. If a QTIP election is made, how much will these transactions reduce Donalds gross estate to arrive at the taxable estate?

b. If a QTIP election is not made?